﻿616 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  B. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  Inca 
  influence 
  on 
  Atacameno 
  metallurgy, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  also 
  possible 
  that 
  

   many 
  of 
  the 
  metal 
  objects 
  were 
  obtained 
  by 
  trade 
  with 
  their 
  neighbors. 
  

  

  Copper 
  tweezers 
  for 
  plucking 
  the 
  beard, 
  and 
  small 
  chisels 
  are 
  found 
  

   in 
  most 
  Atacameno 
  sites, 
  but 
  they 
  have 
  no 
  particularly 
  distinguishing 
  

   characteristics. 
  Common 
  ornaments 
  of 
  Inca 
  and 
  Diaguita 
  types 
  

   include 
  copper 
  pins 
  (tupu), 
  rings, 
  bracelets, 
  ear 
  rings, 
  arm 
  bands, 
  both 
  

   plain 
  and 
  decorated 
  plaques, 
  and 
  small 
  rattle 
  bells. 
  The 
  ceremonial 
  

   and 
  utilitarian 
  metal 
  axes, 
  and 
  the 
  curved-bladed 
  knives 
  (tumi), 
  are 
  

   also 
  of 
  foreign 
  types. 
  Large 
  cowbells 
  with 
  clappers, 
  and 
  knuckle- 
  

   dusters 
  with 
  pointed 
  projections 
  are 
  similar 
  to 
  the 
  wooden 
  artifacts 
  

   previously 
  described. 
  Stone 
  molds 
  for 
  casting 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  Atacameno 
  

   collections, 
  so 
  that 
  at 
  least 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  pieces 
  are 
  of 
  local 
  manufacture. 
  

  

  Stonework. 
  — 
  Stone 
  artifacts 
  are 
  numerous 
  but 
  none 
  of 
  them 
  is 
  

   especially 
  distinctive. 
  Most 
  are 
  of 
  common 
  utilitarian 
  types, 
  such 
  as 
  

   hammerstones, 
  particularly 
  heavy 
  ones 
  for 
  mining 
  copper, 
  shovel 
  or 
  

   hoe 
  blades, 
  whetstones, 
  and 
  various 
  styles 
  of 
  arrow, 
  lance, 
  and 
  dart 
  

   points. 
  Small 
  stone 
  pestles 
  for 
  grinding 
  paint 
  are 
  interesting 
  in 
  their 
  

   comparison 
  with 
  somewhat 
  similar 
  clay 
  specimens 
  found 
  at 
  La 
  Paya 
  

   and 
  at 
  Mojos, 
  in 
  interior 
  Bolivia. 
  The 
  preceramic 
  periods 
  on 
  the 
  

   Coast 
  of 
  Chile 
  have 
  their 
  own 
  series 
  of 
  typical 
  stone 
  artifacts, 
  but 
  the 
  

   identification 
  of 
  these 
  periods 
  with 
  the 
  Atacameno 
  culture 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  

   established. 
  

  

  Bonework. 
  — 
  Bonework, 
  like 
  stonework, 
  is 
  more 
  characteristic 
  of 
  

   the 
  early 
  Coastal 
  cultures 
  than 
  of 
  the 
  developed 
  Atacameno. 
  How- 
  

   ever, 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  objects 
  are 
  made 
  from 
  bone, 
  among 
  which 
  the 
  spoon- 
  

   like 
  spatula 
  is 
  the 
  most 
  outstanding 
  (pi. 
  133, 
  h). 
  These 
  spatulas 
  are 
  

   flat 
  on 
  both 
  sides 
  with 
  one 
  end 
  pointed 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  carved 
  into 
  a 
  

   spoonlike 
  bowl. 
  They 
  are 
  highly 
  polished, 
  and 
  commonly 
  decorated 
  

   with 
  incised 
  circles 
  filled 
  in 
  with 
  black. 
  Some 
  have 
  cut-out 
  animal 
  

   figures 
  along 
  the 
  edges. 
  Other 
  bone 
  artifacts 
  are 
  snuffing 
  tubes, 
  box 
  

   containers 
  (pi. 
  133, 
  d), 
  pointed 
  basketry 
  tools, 
  flutes, 
  arrow 
  points, 
  har- 
  

   poon 
  barbs, 
  perforated 
  needles, 
  beads, 
  and 
  amulets. 
  With 
  the 
  excep- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  the 
  decorated 
  spatulas, 
  none 
  of 
  these 
  is 
  particularly 
  character- 
  

   istic 
  of 
  the 
  Atacameno. 
  

  

  Calabashes. 
  — 
  Calabash 
  bottles 
  and 
  hemispherical 
  bowls 
  are 
  com- 
  

   mon 
  in 
  the 
  collections. 
  Many 
  of 
  these 
  are 
  decorated 
  with 
  pyrography 
  

   (pi. 
  130) 
  in 
  geometric 
  designs 
  or 
  rows 
  of 
  small 
  stylized 
  birds 
  and 
  rep- 
  

   tiles. 
  

  

  Miscellaneous. 
  — 
  Thorn 
  needles 
  with 
  pierced 
  eyes 
  are 
  found 
  and 
  

   also 
  wrapped 
  bundles 
  of 
  thorns 
  were 
  inserted 
  in 
  the 
  ends 
  of 
  the 
  snuff- 
  

   ing 
  tubes. 
  Hollow 
  seeds 
  with 
  small 
  pellets 
  inside 
  were 
  used 
  as 
  rattles. 
  

  

  WEAPONS 
  AND 
  WAKFARE 
  

  

  For 
  the 
  Late 
  Periods, 
  there 
  is 
  some 
  evidence 
  that 
  the 
  Atacameno 
  

   were 
  quite 
  warlike, 
  since 
  their 
  villages 
  are 
  usually 
  fortified, 
  and 
  some 
  

  

  