﻿622 
  

  

  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  

  

  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  tween 
  the 
  houses, 
  which 
  covered 
  nearly 
  all 
  the 
  available 
  surf 
  ace, 
  wound 
  

   streets 
  connecting 
  the 
  various 
  sections 
  of 
  the 
  village. 
  In 
  the 
  Pucara 
  

   of 
  Tilcara 
  in 
  the 
  Quebrada 
  de 
  Humahuaca 
  there 
  are 
  roads 
  up 
  to 
  1,600 
  

   m. 
  (about 
  5,250 
  feet) 
  in 
  length. 
  Another 
  famous 
  example 
  of 
  a 
  pucara 
  

   is 
  Rinconada 
  on 
  the 
  Puna. 
  

  

  It 
  has 
  been 
  proved 
  that 
  both 
  types 
  of 
  sites 
  were 
  contemporary 
  and 
  

   were 
  built 
  by 
  the 
  same 
  Indians. 
  The 
  people 
  generally 
  lived 
  in 
  the 
  

   "old 
  villages" 
  which, 
  being 
  near 
  the 
  streams 
  and 
  cultivated 
  terraces, 
  

   made 
  life 
  easier. 
  When 
  war 
  broke 
  out, 
  they 
  took 
  refuge 
  in 
  the 
  pucaras, 
  

   which 
  sheltered 
  them 
  from 
  attack 
  and 
  enabled 
  them 
  to 
  rout 
  the 
  enemy. 
  

  

  Figure 
  51. 
  — 
  Cross 
  section 
  and 
  floor 
  plan 
  of 
  a 
  Humahuaca 
  subterranean 
  granary. 
  

   (After 
  Casanova, 
  1933, 
  fig. 
  48.) 
  

  

  DRESS 
  AND 
  ORNAMENTS 
  

  

  The 
  Puna 
  has 
  afforded 
  more 
  information 
  on 
  native 
  clothing 
  than 
  the 
  

   Quebrada, 
  for 
  mummies 
  taken 
  from 
  tombs 
  on 
  the 
  Puna 
  have 
  gar- 
  

   ments 
  in 
  good 
  condition. 
  Comparison 
  of 
  these 
  with 
  the 
  chroniclers' 
  

   descriptions, 
  and 
  with 
  pictographs 
  in 
  Humahuaca, 
  shows 
  that 
  similar 
  

   clothing 
  was 
  worn 
  in 
  both 
  regions. 
  The 
  typical 
  garment 
  was 
  the 
  shirt 
  

   (the 
  Peruvian 
  "unco"), 
  which 
  had 
  openings 
  for 
  the 
  head 
  and 
  arms 
  and 
  

   reached 
  to 
  the 
  knees 
  and 
  sometimes 
  to 
  the 
  ankle. 
  The 
  fabric 
  was 
  

   light 
  but 
  firm, 
  and 
  was 
  red 
  or 
  brown 
  or 
  had 
  stripes 
  of 
  different 
  widths 
  

   in 
  several 
  colors. 
  Other 
  garments 
  were 
  ponchos, 
  capes, 
  or 
  mantles 
  

   (mantas), 
  skirts, 
  kerchiefs, 
  and 
  bags, 
  the 
  chief 
  colors 
  being 
  red, 
  yellow, 
  

   green, 
  and 
  brown 
  combined 
  in 
  geometrical 
  designs. 
  Llama 
  and, 
  less 
  

   frequently, 
  vicuna 
  wool 
  was 
  used. 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  head 
  they 
  wore 
  caps 
  which 
  covered 
  the 
  ears 
  and 
  the 
  back 
  of 
  

   the 
  neck. 
  Occasionally, 
  straw 
  hats 
  and 
  headgear 
  made 
  of 
  butterfly 
  

   larvae 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  tombs. 
  The 
  hair 
  was 
  worn 
  in 
  a 
  single 
  

   braid 
  more 
  than 
  3 
  feet 
  (1 
  m.) 
  long, 
  or 
  was 
  parted 
  in 
  the 
  center 
  and 
  

  

  