﻿Vol.2] 
  PUNA 
  AND 
  QUEBRADA 
  DE 
  HUMAIIUACA 
  — 
  CASANOVA 
  623 
  

  

  plaited 
  into 
  many 
  small 
  braids, 
  the 
  ends 
  of 
  which 
  were 
  tied 
  with 
  bits 
  of 
  

   string. 
  

  

  Footgear 
  consisted 
  of 
  sandals 
  (ojotas) 
  , 
  that 
  is, 
  pieces 
  of 
  leather 
  cut 
  in 
  

   the 
  shape 
  of 
  the 
  foot 
  and 
  fastened 
  with 
  thongs 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  material. 
  

  

  Ornaments 
  were 
  numerous: 
  Brilliantly 
  colored 
  feathers 
  held 
  in 
  

   place 
  by 
  woven 
  kerchiefs 
  or 
  fastened 
  in 
  large 
  wooden 
  combs 
  ; 
  and 
  neck- 
  

   laces 
  made 
  of 
  stone 
  beads 
  or 
  beads 
  of 
  other 
  materials 
  such 
  as 
  nuts, 
  

   bones, 
  mullusk 
  shells, 
  gold, 
  and 
  silver. 
  Kectangular 
  and 
  round 
  

   plaques 
  and 
  disks 
  of 
  bronze, 
  copper, 
  silver, 
  and 
  gold 
  were 
  perforated 
  

   for 
  a 
  cord 
  by 
  which 
  they 
  hung 
  from 
  the 
  neck. 
  Many 
  specimens 
  had 
  

   zoomorphic 
  and 
  anthropomorphic 
  designs 
  carved 
  in 
  relief. 
  Tupus 
  

   (pins) 
  for 
  fastening 
  garments 
  were 
  of 
  bone 
  or 
  metal, 
  with 
  geometric 
  or 
  

   zoomorphic 
  designs. 
  Other 
  ornaments 
  were 
  bracelets, 
  kerchiefs, 
  

   rings, 
  plaques, 
  little 
  bells, 
  etc. 
  

  

  Skulls 
  were 
  artificially 
  deformed, 
  nearly 
  all 
  those 
  in 
  the 
  Quebrada 
  

   Humahuaca 
  having 
  oblique 
  tabulare 
  (fronto-parallelo-occipital) 
  shape, 
  

   whereas 
  those 
  on 
  the 
  Puna 
  are 
  also 
  of 
  upright 
  tabulare 
  (fronto- 
  

   vertico-occipital) 
  and 
  circular 
  tabulare 
  (circumferential) 
  shape. 
  In 
  

   the 
  latter 
  area, 
  there 
  are 
  instances 
  of 
  dental 
  mutilation, 
  the 
  lower 
  

   front 
  teeth 
  having 
  rectangular 
  gashes. 
  

  

  Certain 
  anthropomorphic 
  pottery 
  figurines 
  show 
  facial 
  painting 
  and 
  

   tattoo, 
  but 
  there 
  are 
  too 
  few 
  specimens 
  for 
  exhaustive 
  study 
  of 
  this 
  

   practice. 
  

  

  MANUFACTURES 
  

  

  These 
  Indians 
  utilized 
  many 
  raw 
  materials 
  for 
  manufactures, 
  some 
  

   of 
  them 
  utensils, 
  others 
  ornaments. 
  

  

  Basketry. 
  — 
  The 
  Quebrada 
  has 
  yielded 
  only 
  a 
  few 
  remnants 
  of 
  

   baskets, 
  but 
  the 
  Puna 
  affords 
  many 
  specimens 
  which 
  were 
  preserved 
  

   by 
  the 
  dry 
  climate. 
  The 
  baskets 
  are 
  made 
  with 
  the 
  coiled 
  technique, 
  

   and 
  some 
  were 
  woven 
  with 
  two-color 
  geometrical 
  designs. 
  Basketry 
  

   specimens 
  vary 
  from 
  large, 
  round 
  containers 
  to 
  simple 
  mats, 
  which 
  

   served 
  as 
  covers. 
  

  

  Weaving. 
  — 
  Textile 
  weaving 
  was 
  highly 
  developed 
  in 
  both 
  zones, 
  

   although, 
  because 
  of 
  the 
  climate, 
  almost 
  all 
  the 
  specimens 
  found 
  come 
  

   from 
  the 
  plateau 
  (pi. 
  138, 
  bottom). 
  Many 
  implements 
  for 
  weaving 
  

   have 
  been 
  found: 
  loom 
  bars, 
  spindles, 
  spindle 
  whorls, 
  swords 
  to 
  

   tighten 
  the 
  weaving, 
  combs 
  for 
  carding 
  the 
  wool, 
  etc. 
  Llama 
  or 
  vi- 
  

   cuna 
  wool 
  was 
  generally 
  used 
  in 
  bright 
  colors, 
  preferably 
  red, 
  sometimes 
  

   combined 
  with 
  other 
  colors. 
  Weaving 
  techniques 
  have 
  not 
  been 
  care- 
  

   fully 
  studied, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  clear 
  that 
  there 
  were 
  distinct 
  types 
  of 
  cloth, 
  

   including 
  both 
  heavy 
  blankets 
  and 
  fine 
  ponchos 
  with 
  long 
  fringes. 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  Puna, 
  most 
  burials 
  contain 
  many 
  ropes 
  made 
  either 
  of 
  two- 
  

   colored 
  braided 
  llama 
  wool 
  or 
  of 
  vegetable 
  fibers, 
  such 
  as 
  grasses. 
  

  

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