﻿646 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  however; 
  possibly 
  the 
  Diaguita 
  potters 
  had 
  learned 
  to 
  make 
  them. 
  

   There 
  are 
  also 
  so-called 
  aryballoid 
  vases, 
  which 
  differ 
  from 
  aryballos 
  

   in 
  their 
  larger 
  base 
  and 
  cruder 
  manufacture. 
  Such 
  specimens 
  show 
  

   the 
  great 
  cultural 
  influence 
  which 
  the 
  Inca 
  civilization 
  had 
  on 
  regions 
  

   which 
  it 
  never 
  managed 
  to 
  conquer 
  politically. 
  

  

  Among 
  the 
  most 
  artistic 
  Diaguita 
  ceramics 
  were 
  those 
  found 
  at 
  

   Los 
  Barreales 
  (pi. 
  142). 
  In 
  the 
  sites 
  of 
  La 
  Cienega 
  and 
  La 
  Aguada 
  

   (Debenedetti, 
  1931), 
  and 
  of 
  La 
  Toma 
  and 
  La 
  Puerta 
  (Marquez 
  

   Miranda, 
  1945), 
  all 
  in 
  the 
  Departmento 
  de 
  Belen, 
  Province 
  of 
  Cata- 
  

   marca, 
  were 
  found 
  two 
  types 
  of 
  fine 
  and 
  splendidly 
  decorated 
  pottery. 
  

   One 
  type 
  has 
  white 
  or 
  light 
  gray 
  decoration 
  on 
  a 
  gray 
  or 
  dark 
  back- 
  

   ground; 
  the 
  other 
  type 
  of 
  decoration 
  is 
  brown 
  or 
  reddish 
  and 
  black 
  on 
  

   a 
  yellowish 
  background 
  (polychrome). 
  The 
  first 
  type 
  is 
  the 
  more 
  

   outstanding 
  for 
  the 
  novelty 
  of 
  its 
  shapes 
  and 
  decoration, 
  for 
  the 
  ex- 
  

   traordinary 
  fineness 
  of 
  its 
  clay, 
  and 
  the 
  thinness 
  of 
  its 
  walls, 
  which 
  ring 
  

   like 
  china 
  when 
  struck. 
  Even 
  Barreales 
  stone 
  objects 
  exhibit 
  an 
  

   artistic 
  touch. 
  

  

  Except 
  for 
  large 
  urns 
  and 
  decorated 
  bowls 
  (pucos), 
  the 
  greater 
  part 
  

   of 
  San 
  Juan 
  ceramics 
  consists 
  of 
  crude 
  and 
  thick 
  pottery. 
  It 
  usually 
  

   occurs 
  as 
  surface 
  shreds, 
  and 
  is 
  accompanied 
  by 
  a 
  very 
  fine, 
  beauti- 
  

   fully 
  decorated, 
  and 
  well-fired 
  ware. 
  The 
  excavated 
  pots, 
  however, 
  

   are 
  of 
  inferior 
  quality. 
  With 
  the 
  exception 
  of 
  Debenedetti's 
  archeo- 
  

   logical 
  expedition 
  in 
  1916 
  and 
  the 
  two 
  by 
  the 
  author 
  in 
  1937 
  and 
  1938, 
  

   only 
  a 
  few, 
  hasty 
  surveys 
  have 
  been 
  made. 
  Systematic 
  excavations 
  

   and 
  the 
  publication 
  of 
  results 
  to 
  coordinate 
  existing 
  information 
  are 
  

   lacking. 
  On 
  the 
  whole, 
  San 
  Juan 
  ceramics 
  are 
  the 
  crudest 
  and 
  rarest 
  

   of 
  the 
  various 
  subareas 
  of 
  the 
  Diaguita 
  region. 
  

  

  Metallurgy. 
  — 
  The 
  Calchaqui 
  had 
  a 
  more 
  varied 
  and 
  abundant 
  

   metallurgy 
  than 
  other 
  Diaguita 
  groups. 
  They 
  used 
  gold, 
  silver, 
  and, 
  

   especially, 
  copper, 
  the 
  last 
  with 
  tin 
  alloys. 
  Among 
  the 
  most 
  beauti- 
  

   ful 
  specimens 
  are 
  the 
  large 
  ceremonial 
  axes 
  (toki) 
  (pi. 
  143, 
  a-e) 
  and 
  

   the 
  cailles 
  or 
  breast 
  or 
  forehead 
  plates 
  (pi. 
  143,/), 
  an 
  example 
  of 
  the 
  

   latter 
  from 
  Chaquiago, 
  now 
  in 
  the 
  Museo 
  de 
  La 
  Plata, 
  having 
  special 
  

   artistic 
  merit. 
  Copper 
  objects 
  include 
  shields 
  (pi. 
  143, 
  g-i), 
  tumi 
  or 
  

   knives 
  with 
  semicircular 
  blade 
  (fig. 
  62, 
  b), 
  needles 
  with 
  an 
  eye 
  opened 
  

   after 
  casting, 
  axes 
  of 
  various 
  sizes 
  with 
  a 
  gorge 
  and 
  lateral 
  wings 
  to 
  

   f 
  acilitate 
  haf 
  ting 
  (fig. 
  62, 
  e), 
  starlike 
  club 
  heads, 
  awls, 
  chisels 
  (fig. 
  62, 
  a), 
  

   jingles, 
  bells, 
  manoplas 
  (knuckle 
  dusters), 
  and 
  others. 
  The 
  knuckle 
  

   dusters 
  and 
  plates 
  are 
  entirely 
  native 
  elements. 
  The 
  others 
  were 
  

   borrowed 
  from 
  Inca 
  types. 
  

  

  The 
  metal 
  was 
  crushed 
  on 
  stone 
  tables 
  (marays), 
  reduced 
  in 
  wind 
  

   furnaces 
  (huayras), 
  and 
  cast 
  in 
  molds. 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  are 
  pre- 
  

   served 
  in 
  museums. 
  The 
  mixture 
  with 
  tin 
  was 
  empirical. 
  The 
  

   analyses 
  show 
  a 
  variation 
  that 
  triplicates 
  its 
  proportion 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  

   series 
  of 
  objects. 
  Generally, 
  the 
  alloy 
  is 
  below 
  5 
  percent. 
  One 
  must 
  

  

  