﻿Vol.2] 
  DIAGUITA 
  OF 
  ARGENTINA 
  — 
  MARQUEZ 
  MIRANDA 
  651 
  

  

  The 
  corpse 
  was 
  placed 
  in 
  a 
  pit 
  or 
  funeral 
  chamber. 
  He 
  was 
  clad 
  

   not 
  in 
  his 
  own 
  clothes 
  but 
  in 
  those 
  given 
  by 
  friends. 
  Fearing 
  invisible 
  

   forces, 
  the 
  survivors 
  burned 
  down 
  the 
  house 
  in 
  which 
  a 
  person 
  had 
  died 
  

   to 
  prevent 
  his 
  return. 
  To 
  placate 
  the 
  dead, 
  they 
  mourned 
  him 
  for 
  a 
  

   year 
  in 
  the 
  European 
  fashion, 
  that 
  is, 
  by 
  wearing 
  black 
  clothes. 
  The 
  

   corpse 
  was 
  flexed, 
  tied, 
  and 
  placed 
  in 
  the 
  funeral 
  chamber. 
  In 
  sites 
  

   along 
  the 
  periphery 
  of 
  the 
  Diaguita 
  area, 
  there 
  are 
  a 
  few 
  secondary 
  

   burials 
  in 
  large, 
  crude, 
  undecorated 
  urns, 
  which 
  are 
  totally 
  different 
  

   from 
  the 
  elegant 
  urns 
  used 
  for 
  infants. 
  2 
  

  

  WARFARE 
  

  

  The 
  importance 
  of 
  the 
  military 
  architecture 
  of 
  the 
  Calchaqui 
  has 
  

   been 
  mentioned. 
  Fortresses 
  (pucaras) 
  occur 
  in 
  other 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  

   Diaguita 
  area. 
  The 
  pucara 
  of 
  Los 
  Sauces, 
  described 
  by 
  Boman 
  (1916) 
  , 
  

   isinLaRioja. 
  

  

  The 
  arrival 
  of 
  the 
  Whites 
  brought 
  about 
  the 
  formation 
  of 
  large 
  tri- 
  

   bal 
  alliances. 
  In 
  Bohorquez's 
  time, 
  there 
  were 
  more 
  than 
  "six 
  thou- 
  

   sand 
  very 
  strong 
  warriors/ 
  ' 
  and 
  their 
  proportion 
  to 
  the 
  general 
  pop- 
  

   ulation 
  was 
  very 
  high, 
  for 
  other 
  documents 
  speak 
  of 
  4,000 
  warriors 
  in 
  

   a 
  population 
  of 
  12,000. 
  There 
  is, 
  however, 
  no 
  general 
  census 
  of 
  either 
  

   the 
  population 
  or 
  the 
  warriors, 
  because 
  the 
  hostilities 
  prevented 
  its 
  

   being 
  taken. 
  

  

  These 
  wars 
  all 
  had 
  the 
  character 
  of 
  total 
  warfare. 
  The 
  Spaniards 
  

   tried 
  to 
  provoke 
  internal 
  division 
  among 
  the 
  natives, 
  and 
  obtained 
  the 
  

   allegiance 
  of 
  the 
  Colalao 
  and 
  Tolombon, 
  which 
  provoked 
  a 
  real 
  civil 
  war 
  

   among 
  the 
  natives. 
  The 
  Paccioca 
  and 
  Tolombon 
  fought 
  a 
  long 
  time 
  

   against 
  the 
  Quilme, 
  which 
  caused 
  Governor 
  Mercado 
  to 
  remove 
  these 
  

   friendly 
  Indians 
  10 
  leagues 
  to 
  the 
  north, 
  in 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  Salta. 
  The 
  

   traitor 
  Bohorquez 
  revolutionized 
  the 
  military 
  techniques 
  and 
  tactics 
  

   of 
  the 
  natives. 
  The 
  natives 
  did 
  not 
  fight 
  in 
  the 
  open 
  field, 
  preferring 
  

   surprise 
  attack 
  and 
  hasty 
  retreat 
  to 
  the 
  impregnable 
  heights 
  at 
  the 
  

   first 
  sign 
  of 
  defection. 
  Their 
  favorite 
  weapon 
  was 
  the 
  bow 
  and 
  un- 
  

   poisoned 
  arrow. 
  They 
  were 
  good 
  archers 
  and 
  could 
  transfix 
  a 
  man 
  

   wearing 
  "two 
  skin 
  armors 
  and 
  a 
  coat." 
  They 
  besieged 
  some 
  newly 
  

   founded 
  Spanish 
  cities 
  by 
  turning 
  the 
  course 
  of 
  a 
  river 
  and 
  thus 
  de- 
  

   stroying 
  the 
  Spaniards 
  by 
  thirst. 
  They 
  fought 
  in 
  groups, 
  sending 
  in 
  

   fresh 
  reserves 
  from 
  time 
  to 
  time 
  during 
  the 
  battle. 
  

  

  Bohorquez 
  taught 
  the 
  Indians 
  to 
  use 
  firearms, 
  and 
  contact 
  with 
  their 
  

   adversaries 
  familiarized 
  them 
  with 
  the 
  horse. 
  Fearful 
  of 
  and 
  unsuc- 
  

   cessful 
  in 
  handling 
  horses 
  at 
  first, 
  the 
  natives 
  finally 
  became 
  skilled 
  

   horsemen 
  and 
  used 
  their 
  mounts 
  in 
  warfare. 
  For 
  close 
  fighting, 
  they 
  

   used 
  stone-headed 
  or 
  star-shaped 
  copper 
  clubs 
  (pi. 
  144, 
  c-j). 
  

  

  Women 
  and 
  children 
  entered 
  battles 
  not 
  only 
  to 
  encourage 
  the 
  men 
  

   but 
  also 
  to 
  fight 
  with 
  them. 
  Del 
  Techo 
  (1673) 
  says 
  that 
  they 
  walked 
  

  

  2 
  See 
  Willey, 
  "The 
  culture 
  of 
  La 
  Candelaria," 
  this 
  volume, 
  p. 
  661. 
  

  

  