﻿654 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  site 
  is 
  decorated 
  with 
  a 
  man 
  playing 
  the 
  panpipes; 
  so 
  is 
  the 
  famous 
  

   "jar-icol" 
  of 
  Amaycha, 
  first 
  described 
  by 
  Quiroga 
  (1901, 
  p. 
  169). 
  

  

  Whistles, 
  ocarinas, 
  and 
  the 
  notched 
  flute, 
  or 
  quena, 
  were 
  used 
  

   throughout 
  the 
  whole 
  Diaguita 
  area. 
  The 
  Indians 
  also 
  used 
  trumpets 
  

   made 
  of 
  a 
  gourd 
  and 
  bone 
  tube 
  (Ambrosetti, 
  1896-99). 
  They 
  also 
  

   used 
  jingles 
  made 
  of 
  wild 
  walnut 
  shells 
  (Juglans 
  australis) 
  and 
  drums. 
  

  

  Dancing. 
  — 
  We 
  know 
  little 
  about 
  dances. 
  Del 
  Techo 
  (1673, 
  p. 
  148) 
  

   says 
  that 
  the 
  Diaguita 
  danced 
  during 
  death 
  watches. 
  Lozano 
  (1873- 
  

   75, 
  1:429), 
  with 
  his 
  priestly 
  outlook, 
  mentions 
  dances 
  as 
  events 
  of 
  

   sacrilege 
  and 
  wild 
  drinking. 
  The 
  discovery 
  of 
  a 
  wooden 
  mask 
  in 
  the 
  

   site 
  of 
  Atajo 
  (pi. 
  142, 
  h) 
  and 
  of 
  stone 
  masks 
  at 
  Fuerte 
  Quemado 
  and 
  

   elsewhere 
  suggests 
  ritual 
  dances, 
  but 
  chroniclers 
  are 
  silent 
  on 
  the 
  

   matter. 
  

  

  RELIGION 
  

  

  Narvaez 
  (1885) 
  does 
  not 
  believe 
  that 
  "they 
  had 
  idols 
  which 
  they 
  

   worshiped," 
  and 
  Del 
  Techo 
  (1673, 
  p. 
  147) 
  and 
  Lozano 
  (1873-75, 
  

   1:429-30) 
  state 
  that 
  they 
  worshiped 
  the 
  Sun. 
  Del 
  Techo 
  also 
  states 
  

   that 
  they 
  rendered 
  homage 
  to 
  the 
  Thunder 
  and 
  Lightning, 
  and 
  to 
  trees 
  

   decorated 
  with 
  feathers. 
  Lozano 
  (1873-75, 
  1 
  : 
  429-30) 
  states 
  that 
  the 
  

   anthropomorphic 
  representations 
  on 
  disks 
  (caylles) 
  were 
  images 
  of 
  

   their 
  gods, 
  but 
  nothing 
  precise 
  is 
  known 
  on 
  that 
  matter. 
  As 
  a 
  result 
  

   of 
  the 
  chroniclers' 
  systematic 
  indifference 
  to 
  primitive 
  religion, 
  their 
  

   silence 
  is 
  not 
  surprising. 
  

  

  PRIESTS 
  AND 
  SHAMANS 
  

  

  The 
  chroniclers 
  mention 
  magicians 
  and 
  witches 
  who 
  also 
  were 
  

   doctors. 
  These 
  functionaries 
  lived 
  in 
  secret 
  places 
  and 
  carried 
  on 
  

   terrible 
  bacchanals, 
  with 
  excesses 
  of 
  alcoholic 
  drinks 
  which 
  plunged 
  

   them 
  into 
  a 
  stupor. 
  The 
  overintoxication 
  brought 
  about 
  bloody 
  

   fights 
  with 
  rocks 
  and 
  arrows. 
  During 
  the 
  orgy, 
  the 
  priest 
  presiding 
  

   over 
  the 
  feast 
  performed 
  a 
  fertility 
  rite 
  for 
  the 
  fields, 
  when 
  he 
  offered 
  

   the 
  head 
  of 
  a 
  deer, 
  bristling 
  with 
  arrows 
  to 
  the 
  Sun. 
  The 
  head 
  was 
  

   given 
  to 
  another 
  priest 
  who, 
  by 
  accepting 
  it, 
  had 
  to 
  preside 
  at 
  the 
  

   next 
  feast. 
  Another 
  custom 
  involving 
  a 
  solar 
  cult 
  is 
  that 
  of 
  presenting 
  

   the 
  head 
  of 
  a 
  slain 
  enemy 
  to 
  the 
  Sun 
  (Barzana, 
  1885). 
  

  

  BIBLIOGRAPHY 
  

  

  Abad, 
  1918; 
  Ambrosetti, 
  1896-99, 
  1897, 
  1905 
  a, 
  1906, 
  1907-08, 
  1909; 
  Barzana 
  

   (Barcena), 
  1885; 
  Boman, 
  1908, 
  1916; 
  Boman 
  and 
  Greslebin, 
  1923; 
  Bregante, 
  

   1926; 
  Bruch, 
  1911; 
  Debenedetti, 
  1917, 
  1931; 
  Lafone-Quevedo, 
  1890, 
  1892; 
  Lange, 
  

   1892; 
  Lozano, 
  1873-75; 
  Marquez 
  Miranda, 
  1936, 
  1942-43, 
  1944; 
  Narvaez, 
  1885; 
  

   Quiroga, 
  1894, 
  1896, 
  1898, 
  1901, 
  1903; 
  Salas, 
  1940, 
  1941; 
  Techo, 
  1673, 
  Vignati, 
  

   1934. 
  

  

  