﻿658 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  ARCHITECTURE 
  

  

  Archeological 
  investigations 
  and 
  historical 
  sources 
  reveal 
  closely 
  

   spaced, 
  palisaded 
  pueblos, 
  inside 
  which 
  were 
  grass 
  huts, 
  large 
  and 
  

   small 
  corrals 
  for 
  herds, 
  and 
  fields 
  for 
  archery 
  practice. 
  Insufficient 
  

   archeological 
  data 
  prevent 
  giving 
  more 
  details. 
  

  

  DRESS 
  AND 
  ORNAMENTS 
  

  

  Men's 
  and 
  women's 
  clothing 
  differed. 
  Men 
  wore 
  a 
  rhea-feather 
  

   skirt, 
  a 
  collar 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  material 
  covering 
  the 
  chest, 
  and 
  a 
  feather 
  or 
  

   woolen 
  cape 
  or 
  cloak. 
  The 
  first 
  two 
  garments 
  are 
  like 
  those 
  worn 
  by 
  

   the 
  Twpi 
  and 
  other 
  Amazonian 
  tribes, 
  but 
  the 
  feather 
  cape 
  is 
  an 
  

   element 
  of 
  the 
  Andean 
  feather 
  art. 
  The 
  cloaks 
  were 
  decorated 
  with 
  

   beads 
  (chaquiras) 
  of 
  vulture 
  bones, 
  forming 
  a 
  sort 
  of 
  fringe. 
  Women's 
  

   dress 
  consisted 
  of 
  an 
  ankle-length 
  loincloth, 
  wrapped 
  around 
  the 
  

   waist, 
  a 
  cape 
  (manta) 
  covering 
  the 
  chest, 
  a 
  perineal 
  band, 
  and 
  various 
  

   ornaments. 
  

  

  Skull 
  deformation 
  was 
  uniformly 
  the 
  tabular 
  erecta 
  (fronto-vertico- 
  

   occipital) 
  type. 
  Two 
  specimens 
  of 
  the 
  collection 
  of 
  20 
  skulls 
  are 
  only 
  

   slightly 
  deformed. 
  The 
  others 
  are 
  heavily 
  deformed, 
  being 
  strongly 
  

   plagiocephalous 
  bipolar 
  or 
  crossed. 
  

  

  MANUFACTURES 
  

  

  Textiles. 
  — 
  Fabrics 
  were 
  woven 
  of 
  wool 
  fibers 
  of 
  the 
  llama 
  and 
  its 
  

   relatives. 
  None 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  archeologically, 
  because 
  of 
  the 
  

   humid 
  subsoil, 
  nor 
  has 
  a 
  loom 
  frame 
  been 
  found. 
  There 
  are, 
  however, 
  

   many 
  stone, 
  bone, 
  and 
  clay 
  spindle 
  whorls 
  of 
  different 
  shapes 
  and 
  sizes, 
  

   some 
  of 
  real 
  artistic 
  merit. 
  The 
  shape 
  of 
  the 
  majority 
  is 
  a 
  simple 
  disk 
  

   or 
  a 
  truncated 
  cone. 
  

  

  Pottery. 
  — 
  Archeological 
  pottery 
  was 
  first 
  mentioned 
  when 
  Bur- 
  

   meister 
  (1876) 
  published 
  finds 
  of 
  funeral 
  urns 
  and 
  antiquities 
  in 
  

   Santiago 
  del 
  Estero 
  and 
  Tucuman. 
  Subsequently, 
  Ameghino 
  (1880), 
  

   Moreno 
  (1882), 
  Ambrosetti 
  (1901), 
  and 
  Ten 
  Kate 
  (1896) 
  dealt 
  briefly 
  

   with 
  ceramics. 
  Excavations 
  have 
  been 
  numerous, 
  however, 
  only 
  since 
  

   the 
  discoveries 
  and 
  investigations 
  of 
  the 
  Wagner 
  brothers. 
  These 
  

   authors 
  have 
  published 
  their 
  first 
  volume 
  (1934), 
  so 
  far 
  the 
  only 
  one 
  

   of 
  a 
  general 
  work. 
  1 
  

  

  The 
  pottery 
  (pis. 
  147, 
  148), 
  undoubtedly 
  the 
  richest 
  culture 
  element 
  

   in 
  the 
  area, 
  consists 
  typically 
  of 
  large 
  vessels 
  often 
  used 
  as 
  funeral 
  urns, 
  

   pucos, 
  bell-shaped 
  jars 
  (campunas), 
  spindle 
  whorls, 
  and 
  figurines, 
  

   besides 
  an 
  abundance 
  of 
  surface 
  and 
  subsurface 
  sherds. 
  The 
  large 
  

   urns 
  are 
  generally 
  subglobular, 
  and 
  fall 
  into 
  two 
  groups:,. 
  (1) 
  crude 
  

   jars 
  of 
  coarse 
  clay 
  and 
  little 
  decoration, 
  but 
  generally 
  modeled 
  on 
  the 
  

   neck 
  and 
  sometimes 
  on 
  the 
  body; 
  (2) 
  very 
  finely 
  shaped, 
  modeled 
  and 
  

  

  i 
  Serrano 
  (1938) 
  disagreed 
  with 
  the 
  Wagners' 
  interpretation 
  and, 
  in 
  1940, 
  the 
  Sociedad 
  Argentina 
  de 
  Antro- 
  

   pologia 
  published 
  critical 
  studies 
  of 
  the 
  problem 
  from 
  all 
  possible 
  points 
  of 
  view 
  in 
  its 
  "Kelaciones," 
  vol. 
  2. 
  

  

  