﻿Vol.2] 
  CHACO-SANTIAGUENO 
  CULTURE 
  — 
  MARQUEZ 
  MIRANDA 
  659 
  

  

  fired 
  jars, 
  with 
  profuse 
  painted 
  decoration. 
  This 
  decoration 
  is 
  white 
  

   and 
  black, 
  black 
  and 
  red, 
  and 
  polychrome. 
  Most 
  pucos 
  are 
  poly- 
  

   chrome. 
  

  

  The 
  decorative 
  elements 
  are 
  particularly 
  interesting. 
  The 
  human 
  

   figure 
  is 
  always 
  very 
  conventionalized, 
  either 
  being 
  simply 
  represented 
  

   by 
  the 
  double 
  superciliary 
  arches 
  (as 
  on 
  the 
  Santa 
  Maria 
  urns 
  of 
  the 
  

   neighboring 
  Calchaqui), 
  or 
  by 
  more 
  complicated 
  combinations, 
  accom- 
  

   panied 
  by 
  serpentiform 
  and 
  ornithomorphic 
  figures. 
  The 
  combination 
  

   of 
  the 
  anthropomorphic 
  with 
  the 
  two 
  last 
  zoomorphic 
  representations 
  

   produces 
  a 
  figure 
  which 
  the 
  Wagners 
  called 
  "the 
  anthropo-ornitho- 
  

   ophidic 
  deity." 
  This 
  figure 
  is 
  typical 
  of 
  the 
  Chaco 
  Santiaguefio 
  cul- 
  

   ture. 
  On 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  some 
  anthropomorphic 
  representations, 
  in 
  

   which 
  opposite 
  ends 
  of 
  the 
  double 
  superciliary 
  arch 
  extend 
  down 
  to 
  

   form 
  or 
  suggest 
  the 
  oval 
  of 
  the 
  face, 
  are 
  identical 
  to 
  figures 
  on 
  Diaguita 
  

   vases. 
  Similarly, 
  the 
  hand 
  element, 
  which 
  may 
  also 
  be 
  a 
  wing, 
  is 
  

   common 
  among 
  the 
  Diaguita. 
  The 
  same 
  is 
  true 
  of 
  the 
  polychrome 
  

   decorations 
  on 
  pucos, 
  the 
  "tear 
  streaks," 
  and 
  the 
  flat 
  lugs 
  on 
  many 
  

   vessels 
  (Marquez 
  Miranda, 
  1936, 
  1940). 
  

  

  Metallurgy. 
  — 
  Though 
  the 
  Wagner 
  brothers 
  have 
  never 
  reported 
  

   metal 
  objects 
  from 
  the 
  numerous 
  sites, 
  other 
  persons 
  have 
  found 
  

   copper. 
  The 
  presence 
  of 
  this 
  metal 
  is 
  important 
  in 
  indicating 
  the 
  

   recency 
  of 
  the 
  culture. 
  

  

  Bone 
  objects. 
  — 
  Besides 
  the 
  spindle 
  whorls 
  already 
  mentioned, 
  the 
  

   Chaco 
  Santiaguefio 
  collections 
  contain 
  a 
  great 
  many 
  beautiful 
  bone 
  

   arrow 
  points, 
  some 
  of 
  them 
  of 
  large 
  size. 
  

  

  Stonework. 
  — 
  Because 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  importance 
  given 
  to 
  pottery, 
  

   little 
  is 
  known 
  about 
  stonework. 
  Stone 
  axes 
  and 
  mortars 
  have, 
  how- 
  

   ever, 
  been 
  reported. 
  

  

  Weapons. 
  — 
  The 
  principal 
  weapon 
  for 
  hunting 
  and 
  fishing 
  as 
  well 
  

   as 
  for 
  warfare 
  was 
  the 
  bow 
  and 
  arrow. 
  Interestingly, 
  there 
  is 
  little 
  

   mention 
  of 
  poisoned 
  arrows. 
  (For 
  references, 
  see 
  Palavecino 
  in 
  

   "Relaciones 
  de 
  la 
  Sociedad 
  Argentina 
  de 
  Antropologia," 
  1940.) 
  The 
  

   testimony 
  of 
  these 
  authors 
  is 
  not 
  repeated 
  in 
  later 
  sources, 
  as 
  if 
  the 
  

   people 
  who 
  had 
  used 
  the 
  poisoned 
  arrow 
  had 
  become 
  extinct. 
  Be- 
  

   cause 
  of 
  the 
  dangerous 
  nature 
  of 
  the 
  weapon, 
  the 
  historians' 
  silence 
  is 
  

   not 
  likely 
  to 
  be 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  weapon 
  having 
  been 
  overlooked. 
  We 
  may 
  

   infer 
  that 
  the 
  poisoned 
  arrow 
  was 
  recently 
  borrowed 
  from 
  the 
  Amazon 
  

   and 
  was 
  little 
  diffused. 
  Father 
  Lizarraga 
  (1909 
  a, 
  p. 
  637) 
  adds 
  that 
  

   the 
  bow 
  was 
  not 
  large. 
  

  

  Glass 
  objects. 
  — 
  Agri 
  ("Venetian") 
  beads 
  are 
  another 
  element 
  not 
  

   mentioned 
  by 
  the 
  Wagner 
  brothers. 
  Nonetheless, 
  a 
  local 
  collector, 
  

   Dr. 
  Arganaraz, 
  has 
  found 
  quantities 
  of 
  them 
  in 
  many 
  sites. 
  Such 
  

   finds 
  have 
  great 
  archeological 
  value, 
  proving 
  that 
  the 
  sites 
  were 
  

   occupied 
  into 
  the 
  Conquest 
  Period. 
  

  

  