﻿662 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  evidences 
  of 
  dwellings 
  other 
  than 
  a 
  few 
  aligned 
  stone 
  slabs 
  in 
  the 
  

   earth 
  have 
  been 
  revealed. 
  Houses 
  must 
  have 
  been 
  made 
  of 
  perish- 
  

   able 
  materials. 
  Potsherds 
  and 
  stone 
  tools 
  are 
  scattered 
  over 
  the 
  old 
  

   village 
  areas. 
  Stone 
  axes 
  are 
  particularly 
  abundant. 
  

  

  Burials 
  in 
  large 
  urns 
  are 
  often 
  found 
  within 
  the 
  limits 
  of 
  village 
  

   occupation, 
  although 
  sometimes 
  they 
  are 
  found 
  isolated 
  from 
  any 
  

   other 
  cultural 
  remains. 
  The 
  common 
  burial 
  of 
  adults, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  

   children, 
  in 
  the 
  big 
  pottery 
  urns 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  features 
  which 
  set 
  La 
  

   Candelaria 
  apart 
  from 
  Diaguita. 
  La 
  Candelaria 
  ceramics 
  also 
  differ 
  

   significantly 
  from 
  Diaguita 
  types. 
  This 
  is 
  true 
  of 
  both 
  the 
  burial 
  

   urns 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  vessels. 
  However, 
  resemblances 
  to 
  Diaguita 
  are 
  

   present, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  the 
  general 
  opinion 
  that 
  the 
  closest 
  cultural 
  linkage 
  

   of 
  La 
  Candelaria 
  is 
  with 
  Diaguita, 
  especially 
  with 
  the 
  Barreales 
  divi- 
  

   sion 
  of 
  the 
  culture. 
  (See 
  incised 
  pottery 
  illustrated 
  by 
  Debenedetti, 
  

   1931.) 
  La 
  Candelaria 
  is 
  comparable 
  to 
  the 
  Chaco-Santiaguefia 
  cul- 
  

   ture 
  of 
  Santiago 
  del 
  Estero; 
  however, 
  La 
  Candelaria 
  and 
  Chaco- 
  

   Santiaguefia 
  would 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  two 
  branches 
  from 
  a 
  mother, 
  Diaguita- 
  

   like, 
  family 
  rather 
  than 
  either 
  one 
  having 
  given 
  rise 
  to 
  the 
  other. 
  The 
  

   trait 
  of 
  burial 
  of 
  adults 
  in 
  urns 
  has 
  led 
  to 
  speculation 
  concerning 
  

   Guarani 
  origin 
  for 
  La 
  Candelaria 
  (Boman, 
  1908; 
  Torres, 
  1919). 
  

   However, 
  aside 
  from 
  this 
  similarity 
  of 
  burial 
  practice, 
  there 
  is 
  little 
  

   resemblance, 
  and 
  the 
  differences 
  between 
  Guarani 
  and 
  La 
  Candelaria 
  

   ceramics 
  are 
  marked. 
  It 
  is 
  known 
  that 
  the 
  Guarani 
  migrations 
  took 
  

   place 
  on 
  the 
  eve 
  of 
  and 
  during 
  the 
  Spanish 
  Conquest 
  and 
  were 
  re- 
  

   stricted 
  to 
  the 
  eastern 
  foothills 
  of 
  the 
  Bolivian 
  Andes. 
  No 
  Guarani 
  

   groups 
  went 
  farther 
  south 
  than 
  their 
  17th-century 
  limits. 
  There 
  is 
  

   no 
  archeological 
  or 
  historical 
  evidence 
  of 
  their 
  presence 
  in 
  the 
  ancient 
  

   Province 
  of 
  Tucuman 
  (Coni, 
  1925; 
  Metraux, 
  1930 
  a). 
  

  

  No 
  European 
  artifact 
  associations 
  with 
  La 
  Candelaria 
  are 
  found 
  

   either 
  in 
  the 
  La 
  Candelaria 
  region 
  or 
  at 
  Pampa 
  Grande. 
  Neither 
  is 
  

   there 
  any 
  evidence 
  of 
  Inca 
  influence. 
  The 
  prehistoric 
  inhabitants 
  

   of 
  La 
  Candelaria 
  either 
  had 
  left 
  the 
  region 
  before 
  the 
  Inca 
  expansion 
  

   or 
  they 
  were 
  geographically 
  beyond 
  its 
  reach. 
  Kyden 
  (1936) 
  agrees 
  

   with 
  Uhle 
  (1912 
  b) 
  in 
  considering 
  Candelaria 
  as 
  wholly 
  pre-JTnca; 
  

   Boman 
  (1923) 
  believes 
  the 
  lack 
  of 
  contact 
  to 
  be 
  due 
  to 
  spatial 
  rather 
  

   than 
  temporal 
  factors. 
  

  

  The 
  stratification 
  of 
  graves 
  at 
  Pampa 
  Grande 
  shows 
  the 
  Diaguita 
  

   style 
  clearly 
  overlying 
  the 
  La 
  Candelarian, 
  but 
  there 
  were 
  some 
  asso- 
  

   ciations 
  of 
  Santa 
  Maria 
  (Diaguita) 
  vessels 
  in 
  the 
  earlier 
  La 
  Candelaria 
  

   graves. 
  Diaguita 
  undoubtedly 
  was 
  later 
  than 
  La 
  Candelaria 
  at 
  

   Pampa 
  Grande, 
  but 
  the 
  two 
  styles 
  were 
  probably 
  roughly 
  contempo- 
  

   raneous, 
  each 
  within 
  its 
  own 
  area. 
  

  

  As 
  the 
  terminal 
  date 
  of 
  the 
  La 
  Candelaria 
  culture 
  is 
  vague, 
  it 
  is 
  

   difficult 
  to 
  attribute 
  the 
  archeological 
  complex 
  to 
  any 
  ethnic 
  group. 
  

   Presumably, 
  the 
  bearers 
  of 
  La 
  Candelarian 
  culture 
  were 
  driven 
  out 
  of 
  

  

  