﻿682 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  are 
  equally 
  plentiful. 
  The 
  latter 
  are 
  simple, 
  flat 
  slabs, 
  with 
  a 
  mano 
  

   made 
  of 
  any 
  rock 
  with 
  a 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  plane 
  surface. 
  They 
  were 
  shaped 
  

   by 
  being 
  rubbed 
  together. 
  

  

  Bedrock 
  mortars 
  are 
  the 
  most 
  common 
  remains 
  of 
  the 
  native 
  cul- 
  

   ture 
  and 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  great 
  numbers 
  in 
  various 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  Sierra 
  de 
  

   C6rdoba 
  and 
  the 
  Sierra 
  de 
  San 
  Luis. 
  They 
  are 
  cupuliform 
  and 
  are 
  

   always 
  excavated 
  in 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  an 
  outcropping 
  of 
  rock. 
  The 
  

   mouth 
  is 
  generally 
  circular, 
  though 
  some 
  were 
  unintentionally 
  made 
  

   elliptical. 
  The 
  diameter 
  is 
  variable. 
  Of 
  the 
  202 
  mortars 
  examined 
  

   by 
  the 
  author, 
  the 
  minimum 
  diameter 
  is 
  3 
  inches 
  (7 
  cm.) 
  and 
  the 
  

   maximum 
  12% 
  inches 
  (32 
  cm.). 
  The 
  greatest 
  depth 
  is 
  15 
  inches 
  (37 
  

   cm.). 
  The 
  difference 
  in 
  depth 
  is 
  a 
  result 
  of 
  the 
  usage, 
  as 
  shown 
  by 
  

   many 
  mortars, 
  both 
  portable 
  and 
  in 
  thin 
  ledges 
  of 
  bedrock, 
  in 
  which 
  

   the 
  bottom 
  has 
  been 
  worn 
  through. 
  

  

  The 
  question 
  of 
  grinding 
  techniques, 
  which 
  has 
  previously 
  been 
  

   discussed 
  (Aparicio, 
  1931 
  a), 
  is 
  far 
  from 
  settled, 
  for 
  indigenous 
  tech- 
  

   niques 
  that 
  have 
  never 
  been 
  recorded 
  still 
  survive 
  in 
  small 
  isolated 
  

   regions, 
  especially 
  in 
  the 
  Calchaqui 
  Valleys. 
  

  

  The 
  problem 
  of 
  the 
  diffusion 
  of 
  mortars 
  is 
  of 
  interest. 
  Bedrock 
  

   mortars 
  occur 
  in 
  Chile 
  and 
  Northwestern 
  Argentina, 
  and 
  almost 
  iden- 
  

   tical 
  ones 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  Southwestern 
  United 
  States 
  and 
  California. 
  

  

  Arrow 
  'points. 
  — 
  Among 
  chipped-stone 
  objects, 
  arrow 
  points 
  predom- 
  

   inate 
  (pi. 
  150, 
  bottom). 
  The 
  author 
  has 
  found 
  many 
  on 
  sites 
  in 
  C6r- 
  

   doba 
  and 
  San 
  Luis. 
  They 
  are 
  generally 
  triangular 
  or 
  lanceolate, 
  with 
  

   a 
  plain 
  or 
  notched 
  haft, 
  and 
  lack 
  a 
  stem. 
  A 
  few 
  small 
  points 
  are 
  

   stemmed 
  and 
  barbed. 
  

  

  Miscellaneous 
  objects. 
  — 
  Other 
  stone 
  artifacts 
  include 
  scrapers, 
  

   knives, 
  and 
  drills, 
  most 
  of 
  them 
  crude 
  and 
  without 
  definite 
  shape. 
  

   This 
  is 
  probably 
  because 
  most 
  of 
  them 
  are 
  made 
  of 
  quartz. 
  

  

  Bone 
  weapons 
  and 
  tools. 
  — 
  Bone 
  was 
  used 
  mainly 
  for 
  arrow 
  points, 
  

   which 
  are 
  almost 
  as 
  numerous 
  as 
  the 
  stone 
  ones. 
  They 
  are 
  both 
  

   stemmed 
  and 
  unstemmed 
  in 
  equal 
  numbers. 
  The 
  latter 
  are 
  deeply 
  

   notched 
  (pi. 
  150, 
  top). 
  Bone 
  was 
  also 
  used 
  for 
  awls 
  and 
  for 
  a 
  few 
  or- 
  

   naments. 
  

  

  Wood. 
  — 
  Wood 
  was 
  also 
  utilized, 
  but 
  no 
  worked 
  wood 
  specimens 
  

   have 
  been 
  preserved. 
  

  

  Metals. 
  — 
  Metallurgy 
  was 
  probably 
  unknown. 
  The 
  ornaments 
  

   mentioned 
  by 
  Cabrera 
  and 
  Sotelo 
  Narvaez 
  were 
  probably 
  imported. 
  

   No 
  metal 
  object 
  has 
  been 
  discovered 
  in 
  the 
  region. 
  

  

  TRADE 
  

  

  On 
  this 
  subject 
  there 
  is 
  little 
  information. 
  Archeological 
  sites 
  do 
  

   not 
  show 
  imported 
  articles, 
  implying 
  cultural 
  isolation. 
  The 
  trade 
  

   objects 
  mentioned 
  in 
  documents 
  came 
  from 
  the 
  Spaniards 
  in 
  Santiago. 
  

  

  