﻿Vol.2] 
  THE 
  ARAUCANIANS 
  — 
  COOPER 
  689 
  

  

  mention 
  of 
  the 
  "Peguenche" 
  so 
  doing. 
  And, 
  further, 
  most 
  at 
  least 
  of 
  

   the 
  "Peguenche" 
  personal 
  and 
  local 
  names 
  he 
  records 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  

   Araucanian 
  (Kosales, 
  1877-78, 
  1: 
  198, 
  203; 
  3: 
  431-38). 
  

  

  The 
  seeming 
  conflict 
  between 
  the 
  evidence 
  from 
  Rosales, 
  Pietas, 
  

   and 
  Molina 
  on 
  the 
  one 
  hand 
  and 
  that 
  from 
  the 
  "Proceso 
  criminal 
  de 
  

   1658" 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  is 
  largely 
  solved 
  if 
  we 
  assume 
  that 
  the 
  " 
  Pehuenche" 
  

   of 
  the 
  last 
  source 
  were 
  not 
  identical 
  with 
  the 
  "Peguenche" 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  

   three 
  sources. 
  Such 
  an 
  assumption 
  of 
  nonidentity 
  is 
  well 
  within 
  the 
  

   probabilities 
  in 
  view 
  of 
  the 
  very 
  loose 
  and 
  variant 
  use 
  of 
  this 
  and 
  other 
  

   tribal 
  denominations 
  in 
  our 
  earlier 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  in 
  our 
  more 
  recent 
  sources. 
  

   The 
  assumption 
  receives 
  some 
  positive 
  confirmation 
  from 
  the 
  fact 
  

   that 
  the 
  "Peguenche" 
  chief 
  tains' 
  names 
  mentioned 
  by 
  Rosales 
  as 
  of 
  

   1650-53 
  do 
  not 
  coincide 
  with 
  those 
  recorded 
  by 
  the 
  "Proceso 
  crimi- 
  

   nal" 
  as 
  of 
  1658. 
  Nor, 
  seemingly, 
  do 
  the 
  habitats 
  assigned 
  to 
  the 
  two 
  

   groups 
  coincide. 
  Neither 
  Rosales 
  nor 
  the 
  "Proceso 
  criminal 
  de 
  1658" 
  

   gives 
  us 
  very 
  precise 
  data 
  thereupon. 
  But 
  by 
  piecing 
  together 
  the 
  

   scattered 
  clues 
  in 
  each 
  source, 
  we 
  can 
  infer 
  with 
  reasonable 
  probabil- 
  

   ity 
  that 
  Rosales' 
  Peguenche 
  lived 
  in 
  the 
  high 
  Cordillera 
  flanking 
  what 
  

   is 
  now 
  central 
  and 
  southern 
  Neuquen 
  Territory 
  from 
  about 
  lat. 
  38° 
  S. 
  

   to 
  the 
  neighborhood 
  of 
  Lake 
  Nahuelhuapi 
  (Rosales, 
  1877-78, 
  1: 
  176, 
  

   198, 
  211, 
  269, 
  468-69; 
  3: 
  431), 
  and 
  that 
  the 
  Pehuenche 
  of 
  the 
  "Proceso 
  

   criminal 
  de 
  1658" 
  occupied 
  territory 
  well 
  north 
  of 
  them, 
  about 
  the 
  

   latitude 
  (ca. 
  36° 
  30') 
  of 
  Cerro 
  Payen, 
  in 
  the 
  western 
  part 
  of 
  what 
  is 
  

   now 
  the 
  southern 
  extension 
  of 
  Mendoza 
  Province 
  (Proceso 
  criminal 
  

   de 
  1658, 
  1929, 
  pp. 
  136, 
  138, 
  143, 
  147, 
  151), 
  and 
  perhaps 
  somewhat 
  east 
  

   of 
  the 
  main 
  Andean 
  range, 
  since 
  one 
  at 
  least 
  of 
  the 
  Pehuenche 
  examined 
  

   in 
  1658 
  testified 
  that 
  he 
  was 
  "natural 
  de 
  Payen" 
  (ibid., 
  143). 
  

  

  In 
  view 
  of 
  the 
  foregoing 
  evidence 
  (about 
  all 
  we 
  have 
  which 
  bears 
  sig- 
  

   nificantly 
  on 
  our 
  problem, 
  as 
  the 
  cultural 
  and 
  somatological 
  evidence 
  

   adduced 
  by 
  Latcham 
  is 
  hardly 
  relevant) 
  it 
  would 
  appear 
  somewhat 
  

   more 
  probable 
  than 
  not 
  that 
  the 
  pre- 
  18th-century 
  pinon-eating"Ptf/m- 
  

   enche" 
  of 
  the 
  early 
  Chilean 
  chroniclers 
  were 
  Araucanian-speakmg. 
  

   But 
  a 
  definitive 
  solution 
  of 
  the 
  problem, 
  if 
  it 
  is 
  ever 
  reached, 
  will 
  have 
  

   to 
  await 
  much 
  fuller 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  already 
  published 
  evidence- 
  

   especially 
  cautious 
  analysis 
  of 
  recorded 
  local 
  and 
  personal 
  names 
  by 
  

   trained 
  linguists 
  thoroughly 
  competent 
  in 
  the 
  Araucanian 
  and 
  Pam- 
  

   pean 
  tongues 
  — 
  or 
  the 
  discovery 
  of 
  further 
  pertinent 
  archival 
  doc- 
  

   uments. 
  

  

  As 
  previously 
  noted, 
  the 
  Araucanians 
  did 
  not 
  begin 
  to 
  occupy 
  in 
  

   any 
  large 
  measure 
  what 
  is 
  now 
  Argentine 
  territory 
  until 
  about 
  the 
  

   beginning 
  of 
  the 
  18th 
  century. 
  Thereafter, 
  the 
  main 
  bodies 
  of 
  the 
  

   migrants 
  tended 
  to 
  keep 
  more 
  toward 
  the 
  Andean 
  foothills 
  and 
  the 
  

   western 
  half 
  or 
  third 
  of 
  the 
  Pampa 
  from 
  about 
  the 
  Limay 
  to 
  Mendoza 
  

   Province 
  — 
  a 
  point 
  on 
  which 
  more 
  details 
  will 
  be 
  given 
  in 
  the 
  follow- 
  

   ing 
  section 
  on 
  Tribal 
  Names 
  and 
  Divisions. 
  

  

  