﻿Vol.2] 
  THE 
  ARAUCANIANS 
  — 
  COOPER 
  691 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  present 
  paper 
  " 
  Araucanian" 
  is 
  used 
  to 
  include 
  all 
  these 
  divi- 
  

   sions, 
  and 
  these 
  subdivisional 
  names 
  are 
  used 
  in 
  their 
  currently 
  accep- 
  

   ted 
  anthropological 
  connotations 
  to 
  be 
  denned 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  para- 
  

   graphs. 
  The 
  more 
  important 
  variant 
  uses 
  of 
  the 
  subdivisional 
  names 
  

   by 
  the 
  Araucanians 
  themselves, 
  by 
  non-Araucanians 
  Indians, 
  and 
  by 
  

   earlier 
  writers, 
  will 
  be 
  noted 
  in 
  passing. 
  

  

  The 
  Picunche 
  (syn.: 
  Picones), 
  " 
  North 
  People," 
  from 
  Araucanian 
  

   picu, 
  pikun, 
  pikum, 
  "north," 
  + 
  che, 
  "people," 
  occupied 
  the 
  area 
  

   from 
  the 
  Andes 
  to 
  the 
  Pacific 
  Coast 
  and 
  from 
  Coquimbo 
  or 
  the 
  

   Choapa 
  to 
  the 
  Itata 
  River 
  or 
  the 
  Bio-Bio 
  River. 
  At 
  different 
  times 
  

   in 
  the 
  past, 
  the 
  southern 
  boundary 
  of 
  the 
  Picu 
  mapu, 
  "north 
  country," 
  

   the 
  territory 
  of 
  the 
  Picunche, 
  has 
  been 
  variously 
  located 
  from 
  as 
  far 
  

   north 
  as 
  the 
  Itata 
  or 
  the 
  Bio-Bio 
  to 
  as 
  far 
  south 
  as 
  the 
  Tolten 
  (Have- 
  

   stadt, 
  1883, 
  2:680-81), 
  depending 
  largely 
  on 
  the 
  relative 
  geographical 
  

   location 
  of 
  the 
  users 
  of 
  the 
  name 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  relative 
  southern 
  exten- 
  

   sion, 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  use, 
  of 
  White 
  conquest 
  and 
  rule. 
  Some, 
  too, 
  of 
  

   the 
  Araucanian-speakhig, 
  and 
  perhaps 
  even 
  some 
  non- 
  Araucanian, 
  

   groups 
  to 
  the 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  Andes 
  in 
  the 
  Tucuman 
  and 
  Mendoza 
  regions 
  

   of 
  the 
  western 
  Pampa 
  and 
  eastern 
  foothills 
  were 
  denominated 
  

   Picunche 
  in 
  the 
  middle 
  and 
  late 
  18th 
  century. 
  In 
  modern 
  times, 
  

   the 
  name 
  has 
  also 
  been 
  used 
  for 
  the 
  Araucanians 
  of 
  Collipulli 
  and 
  

   the 
  neighborhood 
  in 
  the 
  Chilean 
  Province 
  of 
  Malleco 
  (Lenz, 
  1904-10, 
  

   2:583). 
  

  

  Latcham 
  (1928 
  a, 
  p. 
  128) 
  subdivides 
  the 
  Picunche 
  into 
  three 
  groups: 
  

   those 
  from 
  (a) 
  the 
  Choapa 
  to 
  the 
  Maip6 
  River, 
  (b) 
  the 
  Maip6 
  to 
  the 
  

   Maule 
  River, 
  the 
  earlier 
  "Promaucaes" 
  and 
  (c) 
  the 
  Maule 
  River 
  to 
  

   the 
  Itata 
  River. 
  

  

  The 
  Mapuche 
  (Mapunche: 
  Felix 
  Jose, 
  1910, 
  p. 
  24; 
  1916, 
  1:131), 
  

   "People 
  of 
  the 
  Land," 
  from 
  Araucanian 
  mapu, 
  "land," 
  + 
  che, 
  occu- 
  

   pied 
  and 
  still 
  largely 
  occupy 
  the 
  area 
  west 
  of 
  the 
  Andes 
  from 
  the 
  Itata 
  

   or 
  the 
  Bio-Bio 
  River 
  to 
  the 
  Tolten 
  River. 
  The 
  name 
  is 
  acceptable 
  

   to 
  present-day 
  Araucanians 
  themselves 
  in 
  this 
  sense, 
  although 
  it 
  can 
  

   be 
  and 
  has 
  been 
  used 
  with 
  either 
  a 
  more 
  inclusive 
  meaning 
  to 
  signify 
  

   all 
  Araucanians, 
  Chilean 
  and 
  Argentine, 
  or 
  with 
  a 
  less 
  inclusive 
  one 
  

   to 
  signify 
  any 
  local 
  group, 
  however 
  small. 
  

  

  The 
  Huilliche 
  (Huilli, 
  Huiliche, 
  Ouiliche, 
  Guilliche, 
  Ghuylliche, 
  

   Veliche, 
  Beliche), 
  "South 
  People," 
  from 
  Araucanian 
  willi, 
  "south," 
  + 
  

   che, 
  occupied, 
  and 
  still 
  partially 
  occupy, 
  the 
  territory 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  

   Tolten, 
  the 
  Quepe, 
  or 
  the 
  Calle 
  Calle 
  Rivers, 
  to 
  Corcovado 
  Gulf, 
  

   including 
  Chiloe. 
  At 
  different 
  times 
  in 
  the 
  past 
  the 
  northern 
  bound- 
  

   ary 
  of 
  the 
  Huilli 
  mapu 
  has 
  been 
  located 
  at 
  various 
  points 
  between 
  

   the 
  Itata 
  and 
  the 
  Tolten 
  River. 
  (Cf. 
  supra 
  under 
  "Picunche.") 
  

   Sometimes, 
  too, 
  the 
  Cunco 
  and 
  Chilotan 
  Araucanians 
  have 
  been 
  in- 
  

   cluded 
  in 
  the 
  Huilliche, 
  sometimes 
  differentiated 
  therefrom. 
  Iu 
  one 
  

   early 
  account, 
  Goicueta's 
  of 
  1557-58, 
  the 
  canoe-using 
  Indians 
  (Chono) 
  

  

  