﻿Vol.2] 
  THE 
  ARAUCANIANS 
  — 
  COOPER 
  699 
  

  

  and 
  early 
  Pehuenche, 
  relatively 
  very 
  meager. 
  To 
  judge 
  from 
  what 
  

   we 
  do 
  know 
  of 
  the 
  Chilotan 
  culture, 
  it 
  approximated 
  fairly 
  closely 
  that 
  

   of 
  the 
  Huilliche. 
  The 
  Picunche 
  and 
  Argentine 
  Araucanian 
  cultures 
  

   appear 
  appreciably 
  modified 
  by 
  non-Araucanian 
  influences. 
  The 
  

   early 
  Pehuenche 
  culture 
  differed 
  sharply 
  in 
  some 
  of 
  its 
  technological 
  

   aspects 
  from 
  the 
  Mapuche-Huilliche, 
  In 
  view 
  of 
  the 
  foregoing 
  facts, 
  

   it 
  seems 
  wiser, 
  for 
  the 
  sake 
  of 
  clarity, 
  to 
  devote 
  separate 
  sections 
  to 
  

   the 
  various 
  Araucanian 
  subdivisions, 
  covering 
  first 
  and 
  mainly 
  the 
  

   Mapuche-Huilliche 
  culture, 
  and 
  appending 
  shorter 
  separate 
  treat- 
  

   ments 
  of 
  the 
  Picunche, 
  Argentine 
  Araucanian, 
  and 
  Pehuenche 
  cultures, 
  

  

  CULTURE 
  OF 
  THE 
  MAPUCHE-HUILLICHE 
  

  

  SOURCES 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  following 
  list 
  of 
  our 
  more 
  important 
  sources, 
  mostly 
  first- 
  

   hand, 
  on 
  the 
  culture 
  of 
  the 
  Mapuche-Huilliche, 
  the 
  numbers 
  between 
  

   parentheses 
  denote 
  dates 
  of 
  editions 
  used 
  in 
  the 
  present 
  paper; 
  those 
  

   between 
  brackets, 
  the 
  dates 
  of 
  first 
  publication 
  or 
  of 
  completion 
  of 
  

   manuscript; 
  those 
  unenclosed, 
  the 
  dates 
  of 
  observation 
  by 
  the 
  respec- 
  

   tive 
  authors. 
  For 
  convenience, 
  the 
  sources 
  are 
  listed 
  chronologically. 
  

  

  Sixteenth 
  century: 
  Goicueta 
  (1852), 
  [1558], 
  1558; 
  Ercilla 
  (1910), 
  [1569-89], 
  

   ca. 
  1557-60; 
  G6ngora 
  Marmolejo 
  (1862), 
  [1575], 
  1549-75; 
  Marino 
  de 
  Lovera 
  

   (1865), 
  [ca. 
  1594], 
  1551-94; 
  Olaverria 
  (1852), 
  [1594]; 
  Ona 
  (1917), 
  [1596]. 
  

  

  Seventeenth 
  century: 
  L. 
  de 
  Valdivia 
  (1887), 
  [1606], 
  1593-1622; 
  Gonzalez 
  de 
  

   Najera 
  (1889), 
  [1614], 
  1601-7; 
  Bascufian 
  (1863), 
  [1673], 
  1629; 
  Brouwer 
  (1892), 
  

   [1646], 
  1643; 
  Barlaeus 
  (1647); 
  Marcgrav 
  (1648); 
  Ovalle 
  (1888), 
  [1646]; 
  Rosales 
  

   (1877-78), 
  [1674-], 
  ca. 
  1629-82. 
  

  

  Eighteenth 
  century: 
  FrSzier 
  (1716); 
  Pietas 
  (1846), 
  [1729], 
  1729; 
  Olivares 
  

   (1864), 
  [1758-67], 
  (1874), 
  [1736], 
  ca. 
  1700-67; 
  FebrSs 
  (1882), 
  [1765]; 
  Havestadt 
  

   (1883), 
  [1777], 
  1748-67; 
  Molina 
  (1878 
  a), 
  [1776], 
  (1878 
  b), 
  [1782], 
  (1901), 
  [1787], 
  

   before 
  1767; 
  G6mez 
  de 
  Vidaurre 
  (1889), 
  [1789], 
  before 
  1767; 
  Carvallo 
  i 
  Goyeneche 
  

   (1876), 
  [1796], 
  ca. 
  1765-92. 
  

  

  Nineteenth 
  century 
  to 
  1883: 
  Domeyko 
  (1845), 
  1845; 
  Smith 
  (1855), 
  1853; 
  

   Rufz 
  Aldea 
  (1902), 
  [1856], 
  ca. 
  1856; 
  Medina 
  (1882). 
  

  

  1883 
  to 
  present: 
  Lenz 
  (1895-97, 
  1896, 
  1904-10), 
  ca. 
  1890-1938; 
  Guevara 
  

   Silva 
  (1898, 
  1904, 
  1908, 
  1911, 
  1913, 
  1929), 
  ca. 
  1898-1935; 
  Latcham 
  (1909, 
  1915 
  b, 
  

   1922 
  a, 
  1922 
  b, 
  1928 
  a, 
  1928 
  b, 
  1929-30, 
  1936 
  d), 
  1888-90, 
  1892-95; 
  Robles 
  Rodriguez 
  

   (1942), 
  [1906-14], 
  ca, 
  1904- 
  ; 
  Felix 
  Jose 
  de 
  Augusta 
  (1907, 
  1910, 
  1916), 
  ca. 
  1896- 
  ; 
  

   Bullock 
  (1911), 
  ca. 
  1907- 
  ; 
  Manquilef 
  (1911, 
  1914), 
  1887- 
  ; 
  Gusinde 
  (1916-17, 
  

   1922, 
  1936); 
  Looser 
  (1927, 
  1934); 
  Claude 
  Joseph 
  (1928 
  a, 
  1928 
  b, 
  1931, 
  1933-34), 
  

   ca. 
  1928- 
  ; 
  Moesbach 
  (1936), 
  [1930], 
  1920- 
  ; 
  Lothrop 
  (1930, 
  1932), 
  1929-30; 
  

   McClafferty 
  (1932); 
  Housse 
  (1939), 
  ca. 
  1930- 
  ; 
  Brand 
  (1941 
  a, 
  1941 
  b, 
  1941 
  c); 
  

   MStraux 
  (1942 
  b). 
  

  

  SUBSISTENCE 
  ACTIVITIES 
  

  

  The 
  diet 
  of 
  the 
  Mapuche 
  and 
  Huilliche 
  was 
  and 
  is 
  predominantly 
  

   vegetarian. 
  (Gonzalez 
  de 
  Najera, 
  1889, 
  p. 
  41; 
  Ovalle, 
  1888, 
  12:157; 
  

   Molina, 
  1901, 
  p. 
  193; 
  Domeyko, 
  1845, 
  p. 
  58; 
  Housse, 
  1939, 
  p. 
  166.) 
  

   Relatively 
  little 
  meat 
  was 
  eaten, 
  outside 
  of 
  feasts, 
  Fish 
  and 
  other 
  

  

  