﻿702 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  Wild 
  plant 
  foods. 
  — 
  Of 
  the 
  noncultivated 
  plant 
  foods, 
  the 
  most 
  im- 
  

   portant 
  was 
  pinons, 
  the 
  seeds 
  of 
  the 
  Chilean 
  pine 
  (Araucaria 
  imbri- 
  

   cata) 
  which 
  grows 
  in 
  the 
  Nahuelbuta 
  coastal 
  range 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  

   main 
  Andean 
  Cordillera. 
  The 
  natives 
  came 
  from 
  considerable 
  dis- 
  

   tances 
  to 
  gather 
  the 
  pinons 
  in 
  season. 
  The 
  number 
  of 
  distinct 
  species 
  

   of 
  wild 
  plants 
  exploited, 
  a 
  good 
  many 
  of 
  them 
  intensively, 
  as 
  food 
  

   sources 
  was 
  very 
  large, 
  totaling 
  probably 
  a 
  good 
  75 
  to 
  100. 
  One 
  

   Mapuche 
  alone, 
  Cofia, 
  lists 
  nearly 
  50 
  (Moesbach, 
  1936, 
  pp. 
  30-31, 
  

   87-106). 
  These 
  included: 
  Koots, 
  and 
  tubers 
  — 
  liuto 
  (Alstroemeria 
  

   ligtu), 
  lawii 
  (Sisyrinchium 
  sp.), 
  huanqui 
  (Dioscorea 
  sp.), 
  gadu 
  (Con- 
  

   anthera 
  bifolia), 
  and 
  others; 
  rhizomes 
  of 
  a 
  fern, 
  aiipe 
  (Alsophila 
  

   quadripinnata) 
  ; 
  fruits 
  and 
  berries 
  — 
  myrtle 
  (Myrtus 
  ugni, 
  M. 
  luna, 
  and 
  

   others), 
  "barberry" 
  (Berberis 
  darwinii, 
  B. 
  congestifolia, 
  and 
  others), 
  

   boldo 
  (Boldoa 
  fragrans 
  or 
  Peumus 
  boldus), 
  peumo 
  (Cryptocarya 
  rubra), 
  

   maqui 
  (Aristotelia 
  maqui), 
  kopiu 
  (Lapageria 
  rosea), 
  kowtill 
  (Lardi- 
  

   zabala 
  biternata), 
  doka 
  (Mesembryanthemum 
  chilense), 
  mulul 
  (Ribes 
  

   glandulosum) 
  , 
  nuyu 
  (Greigia 
  sphacelata), 
  mulluen 
  (Empetrum 
  rubrum), 
  

   apples 
  (feral: 
  post-Columbian, 
  of 
  course), 
  and 
  others; 
  "hazelnuts" 
  

   (Guevina 
  avellana); 
  seeds 
  — 
  llenque 
  (Podocarpus 
  andina), 
  and 
  lanco, 
  

   lanko 
  (Bromus 
  stamineus, 
  or 
  B. 
  unioloides) 
  ; 
  ?jalka, 
  petioles 
  of 
  pa^ke 
  

   (Gunner 
  a 
  scabra 
  or 
  G. 
  chilensis) 
  ; 
  leaves 
  and 
  greens 
  — 
  graciola 
  (Gratiola 
  

   peruviana), 
  placa 
  (Mimulus 
  luteus) 
  (in 
  Moesbach, 
  1936, 
  p. 
  100, 
  leaves 
  

   eaten 
  as 
  Europeans 
  eat 
  salad) 
  ; 
  many 
  species 
  of 
  mushrooms; 
  algae 
  (sea- 
  

   weeds) 
  — 
  Durvillaea 
  utilis 
  (giant 
  kelp), 
  Ulva 
  lactuca 
  (sea-lettuce), 
  U. 
  

   latissima. 
  Cofia 
  (in 
  Moesbach, 
  1936, 
  p. 
  30) 
  lists 
  as 
  scarcity 
  foods 
  re- 
  

   sorted 
  to 
  after 
  the 
  crop-foods 
  were 
  exhausted, 
  in 
  addition 
  to 
  ^alka 
  and 
  

   aiipe 
  above-mentioned) 
  the 
  following, 
  some 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  of 
  Old 
  World 
  

   origin, 
  but 
  without 
  giving 
  details: 
  Yuyo 
  (Brassica 
  campestris) 
  , 
  yerba 
  

   mora 
  (Solanum 
  nigrum), 
  yerba 
  buena 
  (Mentha 
  pulegium, 
  M. 
  viridis), 
  

   cardo, 
  troltro 
  (apparently 
  Silybum 
  marianum, 
  Cynara 
  cardunculus) 
  . 
  

  

  In 
  view 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  number 
  and 
  variety 
  of 
  cultivated 
  and 
  wild 
  

   plant 
  foods 
  used 
  by 
  the 
  Araucanians 
  in 
  the 
  past, 
  their 
  plant 
  dietary 
  

   probably 
  provided 
  them 
  with 
  an 
  adequate 
  supply 
  of 
  the 
  essential 
  

   mineral 
  and 
  vitamin 
  nutrients. 
  The 
  chief 
  lack, 
  from 
  our 
  point 
  of 
  

   view, 
  is 
  in 
  green-leaf 
  vegetables. 
  As 
  regards 
  quantity, 
  it 
  would 
  seem 
  

   from 
  our 
  sources 
  that 
  the 
  Araucanians 
  usually 
  enjoyed 
  food 
  suffi- 
  

   ciency, 
  if 
  not 
  abundance: 
  there 
  were 
  seasons 
  of 
  relative 
  scarcity, 
  but 
  

   there 
  is 
  little 
  indication'of 
  recurrentor 
  even 
  occasional 
  famines 
  proper. 
  

  

  Hunting. 
  — 
  Hunting 
  and 
  trapping 
  seem 
  to 
  have 
  played 
  a 
  very 
  minor 
  

   role 
  in 
  Mapuche-Huilliche 
  economy, 
  to 
  judge 
  from 
  rare 
  statements 
  

   such 
  as 
  those 
  of 
  Molina 
  (1901, 
  p. 
  124) 
  and 
  Cofia 
  (in 
  Moesbach, 
  1936, 
  

   p. 
  36), 
  and 
  from 
  the 
  scant 
  attention 
  given 
  to 
  the 
  subject 
  in 
  our 
  many 
  

   earlier 
  extensive 
  first-hand 
  accounts 
  of 
  Araucanian 
  culture. 
  Four- 
  

   footed 
  game 
  appears 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  relatively 
  scarce 
  in 
  the 
  southern 
  

  

  