﻿708 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  The 
  interior 
  of 
  the 
  larger 
  huts 
  was 
  commonly 
  divided 
  into 
  compart- 
  

   ments 
  or 
  alcoves 
  opening 
  off 
  the 
  central 
  section 
  and 
  serving 
  as 
  sleeping 
  

   quarters 
  for 
  the 
  different 
  families 
  or 
  wives. 
  There 
  was 
  ordinarily 
  a 
  

   separate 
  fireplace 
  for 
  each 
  married 
  couple 
  or 
  wife. 
  Storage 
  space 
  was 
  

   provided 
  by 
  lofts 
  and 
  cane-partitioned 
  bins. 
  

  

  Huts 
  were 
  erected 
  in 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  separate 
  stages 
  by 
  the 
  voluntary 
  

   joint 
  labor 
  of 
  the 
  men 
  of 
  the 
  settlement 
  or 
  community, 
  on 
  the 
  mingaco 
  

   plan, 
  with 
  an 
  eating 
  and 
  drinking 
  feast 
  after 
  the 
  completion 
  of 
  each 
  

   stage. 
  (Rosales, 
  1877-78, 
  1:149; 
  Latcham, 
  1909, 
  p. 
  337; 
  Guevara 
  

   Silva, 
  1911, 
  pp. 
  143-46; 
  Manquilef, 
  1911, 
  pp. 
  22-39; 
  Moesbach, 
  1936, 
  

   pp. 
  173, 
  176-78.) 
  

  

  House 
  furnishings. 
  — 
  In 
  earlier 
  times 
  there 
  were 
  no 
  beds, 
  tables, 
  or 
  

   chairs. 
  The 
  natives 
  slept 
  on 
  skins 
  or 
  on 
  heaps 
  of 
  grass 
  or 
  rushes, 
  

   placed 
  on 
  the 
  ground, 
  using 
  skins 
  or 
  ponchos 
  as 
  cover 
  and 
  a 
  section 
  

   of 
  tree 
  trunk, 
  or 
  a 
  bundle 
  of 
  rushes 
  or 
  skins, 
  or 
  a 
  stone, 
  as 
  headrest. 
  

   The 
  low 
  platform 
  bed 
  was 
  of 
  later 
  introduction. 
  They 
  ate 
  seated 
  on 
  

   the 
  ground 
  or 
  on 
  tree- 
  trunk 
  sections. 
  Hide 
  and 
  basketry 
  containers 
  

   served 
  for 
  storing 
  food 
  and 
  other 
  possessions; 
  clay 
  jars 
  for 
  holding 
  

   chicha. 
  (For 
  details 
  on 
  house 
  furnishings, 
  see 
  especially 
  Claude 
  

   Joseph, 
  1931, 
  pp. 
  39-48, 
  229-51.) 
  

  

  DRESS 
  AND 
  ORNAMENTS 
  

  

  Garments. 
  — 
  In 
  recent 
  times, 
  apart 
  from 
  the 
  generally 
  adopted 
  

   European 
  clothing, 
  the 
  more 
  characteristic 
  garments 
  of 
  the 
  Mapuche- 
  

   Huilliche 
  men 
  were 
  the 
  chamall, 
  the 
  chiripa, 
  and 
  the 
  makufi 
  (poncho) 
  ; 
  

   of 
  the 
  women, 
  the 
  kopam 
  and 
  the 
  ekull 
  (ukella). 
  Chamall, 
  makufi, 
  

   and 
  kapam 
  are 
  apparently 
  words 
  of 
  Araucanian 
  origin; 
  chiripa 
  and 
  

   ekull, 
  of 
  Quechua. 
  

  

  The 
  man's 
  chamall 
  was 
  a 
  rectangular 
  piece 
  of 
  woolen 
  cloth 
  covering 
  

   the 
  body 
  from 
  the 
  chest 
  or 
  waist 
  down, 
  and 
  secured 
  at 
  the 
  waist 
  with 
  

   a 
  belt; 
  his 
  chiripa, 
  a 
  cloth 
  of 
  chamall 
  type, 
  worn 
  drawn 
  up 
  between 
  the 
  

   legs 
  from 
  behind 
  and 
  secured 
  at 
  the 
  waist, 
  thus 
  forming 
  a 
  sort 
  of 
  loose, 
  

   wide 
  breechclout- 
  trunks; 
  his 
  makufi, 
  a 
  poncho 
  proper, 
  a 
  rectangular 
  

   oblong 
  woolen 
  cloth, 
  plain 
  or 
  striped 
  or 
  sometimes 
  figured, 
  with 
  

   vertical 
  slit 
  in 
  the 
  middle 
  for 
  the 
  head, 
  and 
  with 
  the 
  sides 
  not 
  sewn 
  

   together. 
  

  

  The 
  woman's 
  kepam 
  was 
  a 
  rectangular 
  woven 
  cloth, 
  of 
  chamall 
  

   shape, 
  pinned 
  over 
  one 
  shoulder 
  and 
  leaving 
  the 
  other 
  bare, 
  reaching 
  

   from 
  above 
  the 
  breasts 
  and 
  under 
  the 
  armpits 
  to 
  the 
  calves 
  or 
  feet, 
  

   and 
  secured 
  at 
  the 
  waist 
  with 
  a 
  belt; 
  her 
  ekull, 
  a 
  shawl 
  or 
  capelike 
  

   garment, 
  worn 
  over 
  the 
  shoulders 
  and 
  pinned 
  at 
  the 
  breast, 
  commonly 
  

   with 
  a 
  silver 
  tupu. 
  

  

  Our 
  early 
  sources 
  on 
  the 
  Mapuche-Huilliche 
  are, 
  as 
  a 
  rule, 
  none 
  too 
  

   specific 
  or 
  detailed 
  in 
  describing 
  native 
  clothing, 
  and 
  in 
  some 
  cases 
  use 
  

   the 
  same 
  Araucanian 
  or 
  Spanish 
  word 
  to 
  denote 
  different 
  garments. 
  

  

  