﻿Vol. 
  2] 
  THE 
  ARAUCANIANS 
  — 
  COOPER 
  711 
  

  

  early 
  17th 
  century, 
  the 
  men 
  let 
  their 
  hair 
  grow 
  in 
  long 
  loose 
  locks 
  to 
  

   the 
  shoulders, 
  sometimes 
  doubling 
  it 
  upward 
  and 
  rolling 
  it 
  round 
  the 
  

   head, 
  and 
  cutting 
  it 
  in 
  a 
  fringe 
  across 
  the 
  forehead. 
  On 
  going 
  to 
  war, 
  

   the 
  head 
  was 
  shaved, 
  leaving 
  only 
  a 
  corona 
  like 
  a 
  friar's 
  (Marino 
  de 
  

   Lovera, 
  1865, 
  p. 
  122). 
  It 
  was 
  considered 
  a 
  great 
  indignity 
  to 
  have 
  

   one's 
  hair 
  cut 
  off 
  by 
  force 
  (Gonzalez 
  de 
  Najera, 
  1889, 
  p. 
  47). 
  

  

  All 
  accounts 
  since 
  the 
  late 
  18th 
  century 
  describe 
  the 
  women's 
  hair 
  

   as 
  done 
  up 
  in 
  two 
  long 
  braids 
  (Carvallo 
  i 
  Goyeneche, 
  1876, 
  p. 
  136, 
  and 
  

   others 
  thereafter). 
  Molina 
  says 
  "varias 
  trenzas" 
  (1901, 
  p. 
  148). 
  

   Ovalle 
  (1888, 
  12:161) 
  and 
  Gonzalez 
  de 
  Najera 
  (1889, 
  p. 
  47) 
  refer 
  to 
  

   tresses 
  or 
  braids, 
  but 
  not 
  clearly 
  to 
  two 
  only. 
  According 
  to 
  Marcgrav 
  

   (1648, 
  p. 
  283, 
  cf. 
  also 
  woodcut, 
  p. 
  284), 
  the 
  women 
  wore 
  their 
  hair 
  

   loose, 
  but 
  bound 
  it 
  up 
  during 
  menses. 
  Some 
  Chilotan 
  women 
  of 
  the 
  

   Castro 
  region 
  wore 
  it 
  bound 
  with 
  small 
  woven 
  bands; 
  others, 
  loose 
  and 
  

   hanging 
  over 
  the 
  shoulders 
  (Brouwer, 
  1892, 
  p. 
  60). 
  A 
  woman 
  with 
  

   short 
  hair 
  might 
  add 
  to 
  her 
  own 
  the 
  hair 
  cut 
  from 
  a 
  young 
  girl's 
  head 
  

   (Felix 
  Jose\ 
  1916, 
  1:287). 
  

  

  The 
  comb 
  (rana) 
  used 
  was 
  commonly 
  the 
  brush-comb, 
  made 
  of 
  a 
  

   bunch 
  of 
  reeds 
  or 
  thick 
  grass 
  sticks 
  well 
  tied 
  together. 
  

  

  Depilation 
  of 
  facial 
  (including 
  eyebrows) 
  and 
  pubic 
  hair 
  by 
  men 
  and 
  

   women 
  with 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  two 
  shell 
  valves 
  or 
  of 
  two 
  trapezoidal 
  metal 
  

   plates 
  serving 
  as 
  tweezers 
  was 
  customary, 
  in 
  fact, 
  de 
  rigueur. 
  (Marc- 
  

   grav, 
  1648, 
  p. 
  283; 
  Rosales, 
  1877-78, 
  1:167; 
  Havestadt, 
  1883, 
  2:806-7; 
  

   Guevara 
  Silva, 
  1911, 
  pp. 
  50, 
  52.) 
  

  

  Body 
  ornamentation. 
  — 
  No 
  mutilations 
  in 
  the 
  way 
  of 
  head 
  deforma- 
  

   tion 
  or 
  piercing 
  of 
  lips 
  or 
  septum 
  are 
  reported. 
  Ear 
  lobes 
  were 
  pierced 
  

   for 
  earrings. 
  Tattooing 
  was 
  completely 
  absent. 
  There 
  does 
  not 
  

   appear 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  much 
  face 
  or 
  body 
  painting 
  in 
  early 
  times. 
  Gon- 
  

   zalez 
  de 
  Najera 
  (1889, 
  p. 
  46) 
  reports 
  it 
  absent, 
  but 
  this 
  is 
  seemingly 
  too 
  

   sweeping 
  (L. 
  de 
  Valdivia, 
  1887, 
  s. 
  v. 
  com; 
  cf. 
  Medina, 
  1882, 
  p. 
  170). 
  

   At 
  any 
  rate, 
  more 
  recently 
  face 
  painting 
  was 
  not 
  uncommon 
  (Guev- 
  

   ara 
  Silva, 
  1908, 
  p. 
  15). 
  

  

  Bodily 
  adornments. 
  — 
  By 
  the 
  men, 
  some 
  use 
  was 
  made 
  of 
  feathers 
  

   in 
  peace 
  time, 
  or 
  by 
  warriors 
  for 
  hair- 
  and 
  helmet-adornments 
  (Er- 
  

   cilla, 
  1910, 
  p. 
  xix; 
  Molina, 
  1878 
  b, 
  pp. 
  439, 
  445), 
  but 
  in 
  general 
  

   feathers 
  played 
  a 
  minor 
  role 
  in 
  Mapuche-Huilliche 
  body 
  decoration. 
  

   In 
  the 
  main, 
  too, 
  except 
  for 
  the 
  Pehuenche, 
  the 
  Mapuche-Huilliche 
  

   men 
  devoted 
  their 
  attention 
  to 
  decorating 
  their 
  saddle 
  gear 
  rather 
  

   than 
  themselves. 
  Headmen 
  formerly 
  wore 
  large 
  silver 
  earrings. 
  

  

  Women's 
  chief 
  adornments 
  in 
  earlier 
  times 
  were 
  necklaces 
  of 
  llancas 
  

   (lla^ka), 
  tupu 
  pins, 
  bracelets, 
  and 
  ear 
  pendants. 
  The 
  llancas 
  were 
  

   green 
  or 
  bluish-green 
  stones, 
  mostly 
  malachite 
  and 
  azurite, 
  perforated 
  

   and 
  polished. 
  Beads 
  of 
  sea 
  shells 
  were 
  also 
  used, 
  but 
  were 
  not 
  nearly 
  

   so 
  highly 
  esteemed 
  as 
  the 
  llancas. 
  The 
  tupu 
  (from 
  Quechua) 
  was 
  a 
  

   long 
  metal 
  pin 
  with 
  a 
  large 
  discoid, 
  semicircular 
  or 
  spherical 
  head 
  used 
  

  

  