﻿Vol.2] 
  THE 
  ARAUCANIANS 
  — 
  COOPER 
  713 
  

  

  p. 
  66; 
  Cooper, 
  1917, 
  pp. 
  198-99; 
  cf. 
  Lothrop, 
  1932, 
  pi. 
  21, 
  a-d, 
  and 
  

   fig. 
  8, 
  with 
  details 
  of 
  construction 
  of 
  7-plank 
  dalca.) 
  

  

  Dugouts 
  (huampo, 
  wampu 
  (L. 
  de 
  Valdivia, 
  1887, 
  huampu), 
  canoa) 
  

   were 
  according 
  to 
  Rosales 
  (1877-78, 
  1:174) 
  usually 
  small, 
  with 
  a 
  crew 
  

   of 
  three 
  men; 
  the 
  largest 
  he 
  had 
  ever 
  seen 
  was 
  one 
  in 
  Tolten 
  with 
  a 
  

   carrying 
  capacity 
  of 
  30 
  persons. 
  Of 
  a 
  crew 
  of 
  three, 
  one 
  man 
  seated 
  

   at 
  the 
  stern 
  steered 
  with 
  a 
  paddle, 
  the 
  other 
  two 
  paddled 
  standing. 
  

   Such 
  dugouts 
  were 
  early 
  reported 
  from 
  the 
  Imperial 
  (Bascufian, 
  1863, 
  

   p. 
  89) 
  region. 
  (Cf. 
  illustration 
  from 
  Gay, 
  in 
  Lothrop, 
  1932, 
  pi. 
  16, 
  b.) 
  

  

  Balsas 
  of 
  cigar-shaped 
  bundles 
  of 
  various 
  kinds 
  of 
  reeds, 
  lashed 
  

   with 
  ropes 
  made 
  of 
  voqui, 
  and 
  of 
  new-moon 
  shape, 
  pointed 
  at 
  both 
  

   ends, 
  were 
  in 
  use 
  on 
  the 
  mainland 
  around 
  the 
  Imperial 
  River, 
  Tolten 
  

   River, 
  and 
  elsewhere, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  islands 
  of 
  Santa 
  Maria 
  and 
  Mocha. 
  

  

  Other 
  "balsas," 
  apparently 
  rafts 
  proper, 
  made 
  of 
  Puya 
  sp. 
  or 
  of 
  

   "cypress' 
  ' 
  (Libocedrus 
  chilensis) 
  or 
  "laurel" 
  (Laurelia 
  aromatica), 
  all 
  

   very 
  light 
  and 
  buoyant, 
  were 
  also 
  used 
  on 
  the 
  Island 
  of 
  Santa 
  Maria 
  

   and 
  on 
  the 
  mainland. 
  The 
  watercraft 
  of 
  inflated 
  sealskins, 
  of 
  the 
  

   north-central 
  Chilean 
  Coast, 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  reported 
  from 
  the 
  Mapuche- 
  

   Huilliche 
  region. 
  

  

  Sails 
  are 
  reported 
  as 
  early 
  as 
  the 
  middle 
  17th 
  century, 
  by 
  Rosales 
  

   (1877-78, 
  1:175), 
  with 
  the 
  dugout 
  when 
  the 
  wind 
  was 
  favorable, 
  but 
  

   it 
  is 
  uncertain 
  whether 
  they 
  were 
  used 
  in 
  pre-Spanish 
  days 
  (Friederici, 
  

   1907, 
  p. 
  74). 
  Details 
  on 
  type 
  or 
  types 
  of 
  paddles 
  or 
  oars 
  used 
  with 
  

   early 
  Mapuche-HuiUiche 
  watercraft 
  are 
  lacking. 
  Lothrop 
  (1932, 
  p. 
  

   245, 
  pi. 
  21, 
  b) 
  describes 
  and 
  figures 
  a 
  [European 
  type?] 
  two-piece 
  oar 
  

   with 
  crutchless 
  rounded 
  shaft 
  and 
  flat 
  square-ended 
  blade, 
  used 
  with 
  

   a 
  Chilotan 
  plank 
  boat. 
  Double-bladed 
  paddles 
  have 
  been 
  reported 
  

   occasionally 
  (Looser, 
  1934). 
  

  

  MANUFACTURES 
  

  

  Basketry. 
  — 
  Various 
  kinds 
  of 
  basketry 
  containers 
  were 
  woven 
  from 
  

   plant 
  fibers. 
  Some 
  of 
  those 
  more 
  commonly 
  recorded 
  are: 
  The 
  lo^o, 
  

   made 
  of 
  Chusguea, 
  of 
  very 
  fine 
  weave; 
  the 
  chaiwe, 
  made 
  of 
  voqui 
  

   (Boguila 
  trifoliate), 
  small, 
  serving 
  as 
  a 
  filter 
  for 
  chicha 
  or 
  as 
  a 
  sieve 
  

   or 
  colander; 
  the 
  llepu 
  (fig. 
  74, 
  left), 
  of 
  Chusguea, 
  of 
  flat 
  round 
  platter 
  

   form; 
  the 
  kiilko 
  (fig. 
  74, 
  right), 
  of 
  Lapageria 
  rosea, 
  a 
  large 
  basket; 
  

   the 
  yole, 
  of 
  bejucos. 
  (For 
  techniques 
  and 
  types, 
  cf. 
  Claude 
  Joseph, 
  

   1931, 
  pp. 
  241-244.) 
  

  

  Cordage. 
  — 
  Various 
  plant 
  fibers, 
  particularly 
  from 
  fiocha 
  (Greigia 
  

   landbeckii) 
  or 
  molkachu 
  (Cyperus 
  regetus), 
  were 
  used 
  in 
  the 
  making 
  of 
  

   rope, 
  cord, 
  fish 
  nets 
  and 
  lines, 
  carrying 
  bags 
  (pilua), 
  and 
  baskets 
  

   (figs. 
  75, 
  76). 
  (For 
  details, 
  cf. 
  Claude 
  Joseph, 
  1931, 
  pp. 
  244-246.) 
  

  

  Spinning 
  and 
  weaving. 
  — 
  Weaving 
  with 
  llama 
  wool 
  was 
  well 
  de- 
  

   veloped 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  Contact. 
  Sheep 
  wool 
  was 
  later 
  substi- 
  

  

  