﻿V0L2] 
  THE 
  ARAUCANIANS 
  — 
  COOPER 
  717 
  

  

  Dyeing. 
  — 
  Dyes 
  of 
  many 
  colors, 
  the 
  majority 
  of 
  them 
  derived 
  from 
  

   plants 
  but 
  some 
  from 
  earths, 
  were 
  used 
  to 
  tint 
  the 
  wool. 
  Mineral 
  

   substances 
  were 
  used 
  to 
  dye 
  wool 
  black, 
  red, 
  yellow, 
  and 
  white; 
  

   plants, 
  for 
  black, 
  blue, 
  green, 
  red, 
  yellow, 
  coffee, 
  and 
  violet. 
  (Cf 
  . 
  list 
  

   of 
  plant 
  dyes 
  in 
  Lothrop, 
  1930, 
  pp. 
  333-35.) 
  Indigo 
  was 
  obtained 
  

   by 
  barter. 
  Wool 
  in 
  natural 
  coffee 
  color 
  and 
  grays 
  was 
  also 
  used. 
  

  

  A 
  technique 
  of 
  tie-dyeing 
  of 
  the 
  white 
  warp, 
  before 
  the 
  weft 
  is 
  

   woven, 
  with 
  ties 
  of 
  string 
  and 
  maki 
  bark 
  is 
  described 
  in 
  detail 
  by 
  

   Felipe 
  Reyes 
  (in 
  Guevara 
  Silva, 
  1913, 
  pp. 
  176-77; 
  cf. 
  Latcham, 
  

   1909, 
  p. 
  339; 
  Lothrop, 
  1930, 
  p. 
  328; 
  Millan, 
  1934, 
  1:220-22); 
  a 
  tech- 
  

   nique 
  of 
  combination 
  tie- 
  and 
  resist-dyeing 
  of 
  the 
  white 
  warp, 
  with 
  

   the 
  use 
  of 
  a 
  white 
  clayey 
  earth 
  paste 
  as 
  a 
  resist, 
  by 
  Claude 
  Joseph 
  

   (1928 
  a, 
  pp. 
  1029-1031). 
  

  

  Skin 
  dressing. 
  — 
  The 
  skins 
  of 
  various 
  wild 
  and 
  domesticated 
  

   animals, 
  such 
  as 
  the 
  puma, 
  guanaco, 
  wildcat, 
  coypu, 
  fox, 
  deer, 
  otter, 
  

   sheep, 
  horse, 
  cattle, 
  and 
  dogs, 
  were 
  used 
  as 
  rugs, 
  beds, 
  saddles, 
  straps, 
  

   etc. 
  If 
  dressed 
  with 
  the 
  hair 
  on, 
  the 
  skin 
  was 
  stretched 
  out, 
  pegged 
  

   on 
  the 
  ground. 
  When 
  dried, 
  it 
  was 
  softened 
  with 
  the 
  hands 
  and 
  by 
  

   drawing 
  to 
  and 
  fro 
  in 
  the 
  notch 
  of 
  a 
  forked 
  stick 
  hung 
  to 
  a 
  post. 
  

   Straps 
  and 
  thongs 
  were 
  rubbed 
  with 
  grease 
  to 
  keep 
  them 
  supple. 
  To 
  

   remove 
  the 
  hair, 
  the 
  skin 
  was 
  soaked 
  in 
  wood 
  ashes 
  and 
  water, 
  then 
  

   fleshed 
  with 
  sharp 
  stones, 
  shells, 
  or 
  knives, 
  until 
  the 
  roots 
  of 
  the 
  hair 
  

   were 
  loosened. 
  Then 
  the 
  hair 
  was 
  plucked 
  out, 
  and 
  the 
  skin 
  dressed 
  

   as 
  above 
  (Latcham, 
  1909, 
  p. 
  339). 
  According 
  to 
  Felix 
  Jose 
  (1916, 
  

   2:96), 
  salt 
  was 
  put 
  on 
  skins 
  to 
  prevent 
  rotting, 
  they 
  were 
  softened 
  by 
  

   hand, 
  and 
  were 
  then 
  anointed 
  with 
  grease. 
  

  

  Pottery. 
  — 
  Pottery 
  has 
  been 
  made 
  and 
  widely 
  used 
  by 
  the 
  Mapuche- 
  

   Huilliche 
  since 
  pre-Hispanic 
  times. 
  Their 
  country 
  is 
  rich 
  in 
  suitable 
  

   clays. 
  Pottery 
  making 
  was 
  the 
  woman's 
  task. 
  Tempering 
  was 
  

   done 
  with 
  fine 
  sand 
  or 
  pulverized 
  rock 
  or 
  shell; 
  shaping, 
  by 
  the 
  coiling 
  

   method 
  (pi. 
  154, 
  left); 
  smoothing, 
  with 
  a 
  spatula, 
  usually 
  spoon- 
  

   shaped. 
  The 
  kilns 
  were 
  pits 
  dug 
  in 
  the 
  ground 
  or 
  on 
  hillsides, 
  or 
  

   firing 
  was 
  done 
  inside 
  the 
  dwelling. 
  Vessels 
  of 
  many 
  kinds 
  were 
  

   made 
  (pi. 
  154, 
  right): 
  Cooking 
  pots, 
  large 
  jars 
  with 
  rounded 
  or 
  flat 
  

   bases 
  and 
  without 
  handles 
  for 
  carrying 
  water 
  or 
  holding 
  chicha, 
  single- 
  

   and 
  double-bellied 
  pitchers 
  with 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  handles, 
  the 
  kutru 
  metawe 
  

   (an 
  effigy 
  pitcher 
  crudely 
  resembling 
  a 
  steamer 
  duck), 
  plates, 
  dishes, 
  

   etc. 
  Some 
  of 
  these 
  types 
  are 
  seemingly 
  of 
  rather 
  recent 
  introduction. 
  

   A 
  common 
  pitcher 
  type 
  early 
  depicted 
  (Marcgrav, 
  1648, 
  ill. 
  p. 
  284) 
  

   and 
  occurring 
  archeologically 
  (Medina, 
  1882, 
  figs. 
  184, 
  204-07) 
  has 
  

   a 
  globular 
  belly, 
  rather 
  narrow 
  neck, 
  and 
  a 
  single 
  handle. 
  In 
  general, 
  

   the 
  pottery 
  of 
  the 
  Mapuche-Huilliche 
  and 
  archeological 
  specimens 
  

   from 
  their 
  area 
  are 
  distinctly 
  inferior 
  in 
  workmanship 
  and 
  decoration 
  

   to 
  the 
  pottery 
  of 
  the 
  historic 
  and 
  prehistoric 
  cultures 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  and 
  

   and 
  northeast 
  of 
  the 
  Araucanian 
  region. 
  Except 
  for 
  some 
  geometric 
  

  

  