﻿Vol.2] 
  THE 
  ARAUCANIANS 
  — 
  COOPER 
  723 
  

  

  Each 
  kuga 
  had 
  its 
  own 
  name, 
  such 
  as 
  sky, 
  sun, 
  pillan 
  (cf 
  . 
  infra 
  under 
  

   Religion, 
  p. 
  747), 
  stone, 
  grove, 
  likan 
  pebble, 
  sea 
  or 
  lake, 
  gold, 
  bird 
  of 
  

   prey, 
  eagle, 
  river, 
  water, 
  duck, 
  rhea, 
  tiger, 
  pa^ke, 
  lla^ka, 
  condor, 
  

   snake, 
  mountain 
  ridge, 
  bone, 
  foot, 
  lion, 
  etc., 
  to 
  enumerate 
  some 
  of 
  

   them 
  in 
  their 
  order 
  of 
  frequency 
  in 
  the 
  early 
  documents 
  as 
  calculated 
  

   by 
  Latcham 
  (1922 
  b, 
  p. 
  311). 
  Male 
  children 
  shortly 
  after 
  birth 
  were 
  

   usually 
  given 
  a 
  name 
  compounded 
  of 
  the 
  kuga 
  name, 
  and 
  a 
  qualifying 
  

   adjective, 
  numeral, 
  or 
  other 
  word, 
  more 
  commonly 
  prefixed 
  to 
  the 
  

   kuga 
  name. 
  The 
  father 
  gave 
  the 
  name 
  in 
  most 
  cases 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  

   manner: 
  If, 
  e.g., 
  he 
  were 
  of 
  the 
  llama 
  kuga, 
  he 
  would 
  call 
  his 
  sons 
  

   according 
  to 
  circumstances, 
  " 
  white 
  llama," 
  "black 
  llama," 
  "running 
  

   llama," 
  "woodland 
  shade" 
  (where 
  llamas 
  rest 
  in 
  summer), 
  etc. 
  (Have- 
  

   stadt, 
  1883,2:641). 
  

  

  According 
  to 
  Havestadt 
  (1883, 
  2:641), 
  sons 
  derived 
  their 
  kuga 
  

   name 
  from 
  their 
  father's 
  kuga. 
  Felix 
  Jose 
  (1907, 
  p. 
  6) 
  states 
  that 
  in 
  

   old 
  baptismal 
  registers 
  son 
  and 
  father 
  often 
  have 
  different 
  names, 
  

   but 
  adds 
  that 
  in 
  the 
  family 
  names 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  one 
  notes 
  the 
  same 
  cunga 
  

   [=kuga]. 
  Latcham, 
  however, 
  (1922 
  b. 
  pp. 
  323-25) 
  states 
  that 
  his 
  own 
  

   comparisons 
  of 
  names 
  of 
  men 
  and 
  their 
  sons 
  appearing 
  in 
  published 
  

   and 
  unpublished 
  sources 
  show 
  disagreement 
  in 
  the 
  kuga 
  element 
  of 
  

   the 
  names; 
  whence 
  he 
  concluded 
  that 
  sons 
  must 
  have 
  derived 
  their 
  

   names 
  from 
  their 
  mother's 
  kuga. 
  According 
  to 
  Carvallo 
  i 
  Goyeneche 
  

   (1876, 
  p. 
  139), 
  the 
  first-born 
  son 
  was 
  given 
  his 
  grandfather's 
  name. 
  

   This 
  problem 
  of 
  paternal 
  versus 
  maternal 
  derivation 
  of 
  the 
  kuga 
  name 
  

   needs 
  further 
  study 
  from 
  the 
  published 
  and 
  unpublished 
  sources. 
  

   Felix 
  Jose 
  (1907, 
  p. 
  38) 
  and 
  Guevara 
  Silva 
  (1929, 
  1:340) 
  affirm 
  that 
  

   women 
  did 
  not 
  have 
  the 
  family 
  name 
  in 
  their 
  names. 
  (Cf. 
  Eosales, 
  

   1877-78, 
  1:166; 
  Havestadt, 
  1883, 
  2:641— 
  neither 
  very 
  clear 
  on 
  this 
  

   point.) 
  

  

  Members 
  of 
  a 
  given 
  kuga 
  had 
  particular 
  regard 
  for 
  and 
  loyalty 
  to 
  

   one 
  another, 
  and 
  sided 
  with 
  and 
  aided 
  one 
  another 
  in 
  quarrels 
  and 
  

   other 
  affairs. 
  

  

  The 
  relation 
  of 
  the 
  kuga 
  eponym 
  to 
  the 
  kuga 
  members 
  is 
  not 
  clear. 
  

   According 
  to 
  Rosales 
  (1877-78, 
  1:5), 
  many 
  "linages" 
  had 
  the 
  names 
  of 
  

   whales, 
  etc., 
  from 
  sexual 
  commerce 
  of 
  people 
  turned 
  into 
  whales, 
  etc., 
  

   at 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  mythical 
  deluge, 
  with 
  women 
  gathering 
  seafood. 
  

   According 
  to 
  Falkner, 
  the 
  eponym 
  was 
  believed 
  to 
  "preside 
  over 
  one 
  

   particular 
  cast 
  or 
  family 
  of 
  Indians, 
  of 
  which 
  he 
  is 
  supposed 
  to 
  have 
  

   been 
  the 
  creator," 
  and 
  at 
  death 
  the 
  souls 
  of 
  the 
  members 
  of 
  the 
  cast 
  

   went 
  to 
  live 
  with 
  its 
  eponym 
  (1935, 
  p. 
  114). 
  

  

  Kinship 
  behavior. 
  — 
  On 
  specific 
  rights, 
  obligations, 
  and 
  forms 
  of 
  

   behavior 
  among 
  members 
  of 
  kinship 
  groups, 
  our 
  sources 
  give 
  only 
  

   meager 
  details. 
  (Cf. 
  supra 
  under 
  Marriage 
  and 
  Family 
  and 
  infra 
  

   under 
  Life 
  Cycle.) 
  One 
  point 
  stands 
  out 
  : 
  The 
  relationship, 
  accord- 
  

  

  