﻿740 
  

  

  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  

  

  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  a 
  ball 
  game, 
  pillma, 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  ball 
  of 
  rush 
  was 
  thrown 
  from 
  under 
  

   the 
  thigh 
  and 
  volleyed 
  by 
  hand. 
  

  

  The 
  two 
  most 
  important 
  games 
  of 
  chance 
  were 
  the 
  bean 
  game 
  

   (llique, 
  liiqn, 
  luq) 
  played 
  with 
  8 
  to 
  12 
  beans, 
  each 
  painted 
  black 
  on 
  

   one 
  side, 
  the 
  beans 
  themselves 
  being 
  "talked 
  to" 
  when 
  thrown; 
  and 
  

   kechu, 
  played 
  with 
  five-faced 
  triangular 
  dice 
  of 
  wood 
  or 
  bone. 
  

  

  Both 
  of 
  these 
  last 
  two 
  games 
  were 
  distinctly 
  gambling 
  games. 
  

   Gambling 
  occurred, 
  too, 
  in 
  connection 
  with 
  pillma, 
  and 
  among 
  the 
  

   modern 
  Araucanians 
  , 
  who 
  took 
  over 
  Spanish 
  playing 
  cards. 
  Early 
  

  

  t 
  

  

  Figure 
  82. 
  — 
  Mapuche 
  stilts. 
  (After 
  Manquilef, 
  1914, 
  fig. 
  3.) 
  

  

  records 
  of 
  gambling 
  in 
  Bascunan 
  (1863, 
  p. 
  61), 
  Ovalle 
  (1888, 
  12:163), 
  

   and 
  Kosales 
  (1877-78, 
  1:169-70) 
  suggest 
  that 
  Araucanian 
  gambling 
  

   was 
  aboriginal, 
  at 
  least 
  not 
  derived 
  from 
  the 
  Spaniards. 
  At 
  any 
  rate, 
  

   since 
  the 
  early 
  17th 
  century, 
  the 
  Mapuche 
  are 
  consistently 
  described 
  

   as 
  inveterate 
  gamblers. 
  

  

  Among 
  the 
  many 
  types 
  of 
  play 
  common 
  among 
  the 
  children 
  were 
  

   wrestling, 
  foot 
  races, 
  top 
  spinning 
  by 
  hand, 
  swinging, 
  hide 
  and 
  seek, 
  

   and 
  two 
  games 
  (Lenz, 
  1904-10, 
  2:552, 
  748-49) 
  resembling 
  our 
  jacks 
  

   and 
  blindman's 
  buff, 
  both 
  the 
  latter 
  suggestive 
  of 
  European 
  influence. 
  

   Stilts 
  (fig. 
  82), 
  mentioned 
  as 
  early 
  as 
  the 
  middle 
  18th 
  century 
  by 
  

   Febres 
  (1882, 
  s. 
  v. 
  thenticahue; 
  cf. 
  Manquilef, 
  1914, 
  pp. 
  275-76; 
  

   Felix 
  Jose, 
  1916, 
  1:230), 
  may 
  be 
  native. 
  Havestadt 
  (1883, 
  2:648; 
  

   cf. 
  Guevara 
  Silva, 
  1911, 
  pp. 
  157-58) 
  mentions 
  a 
  guessing 
  game 
  in 
  

  

  