﻿Vol.2] 
  THE 
  ARAUCANIANS 
  — 
  COOPER 
  751 
  

  

  war; 
  to 
  discover 
  hidden 
  or 
  future 
  things; 
  to 
  bring 
  good 
  or 
  bad 
  luck 
  in 
  

   hockey 
  games 
  or 
  horse 
  races 
  ; 
  and 
  , 
  above 
  all, 
  to 
  cure 
  the 
  sick. 
  In 
  clair- 
  

   voyance, 
  shamans 
  used 
  a 
  type 
  of 
  scrying, 
  looking 
  into 
  a 
  tray 
  of 
  water 
  

   (Rosales, 
  1877-78, 
  1:135). 
  Wonder-inspiring 
  feats 
  such 
  as 
  dancing 
  

   barefoot 
  on 
  live 
  coals 
  or 
  swallowing 
  them 
  were 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  trade 
  (ibid., 
  

   1:144, 
  169). 
  The 
  chief 
  instruments 
  used 
  by 
  the 
  shaman 
  were: 
  A 
  

   small 
  hand 
  drum 
  (fig. 
  85; 
  see 
  supra 
  under 
  Musical 
  Instruments, 
  p. 
  738) 
  

   containing 
  three 
  or 
  four 
  sacred 
  likan 
  (bits 
  of 
  crystal 
  or 
  obsidian 
  or 
  

   other 
  stone 
  supposed 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  thrown 
  up 
  by 
  volcanos: 
  Felix 
  

  

  Figure 
  85.— 
  A 
  Machi's 
  drum. 
  (After 
  Claude 
  Joseph, 
  1931, 
  fig. 
  30.) 
  

  

  Jos6, 
  1916, 
  1:115); 
  a 
  calabash 
  rattle; 
  an 
  iron 
  bow 
  with 
  small 
  bells 
  on 
  

   it 
  (early 
  recorded 
  ca. 
  1742 
  among 
  Argentine 
  Indians: 
  Morris, 
  1927, 
  

   p. 
  195). 
  

  

  While 
  the 
  shaman's 
  tasks 
  were 
  varied, 
  the 
  chief 
  one 
  was 
  the 
  cure 
  of 
  

   disease. 
  Disease, 
  like 
  most 
  other 
  evils, 
  was 
  caused 
  by 
  impersonal 
  or 
  

   personal 
  wekufii 
  (cf 
  . 
  supra) 
  . 
  Three 
  theories 
  of 
  disease-causation 
  pre- 
  

   vailed: 
  the 
  intrusion 
  of 
  some 
  object 
  or 
  of 
  an 
  evil 
  spirit 
  into 
  the 
  sick 
  

   person; 
  the 
  stealing 
  of 
  the 
  soul 
  of 
  the 
  patient; 
  the 
  administration 
  of 
  

   poison 
  directly 
  or 
  magically 
  by 
  a 
  sorcerer. 
  Evil 
  spirits 
  caused 
  disease 
  

   either 
  on 
  their 
  own 
  initiative 
  or, 
  more 
  often, 
  at 
  the 
  instigation 
  of 
  some 
  

   sorcerer. 
  

  

  To 
  work 
  a 
  cure, 
  in 
  earlier 
  times, 
  the 
  machi 
  had 
  recourse 
  to 
  the 
  help 
  

   of 
  his 
  or 
  her 
  familiar 
  spirit 
  (s). 
  The 
  machi 
  of 
  modern 
  times 
  mostly 
  

  

  595682 
  — 
  46 
  50 
  

  

  