﻿Vol.2] 
  THE 
  ARAUCANIANS 
  — 
  COOPER 
  753 
  

  

  aboriginal 
  elements 
  end 
  and 
  later 
  intruded 
  ones 
  begin. 
  Much, 
  how- 
  

   ever, 
  that 
  is 
  aboriginal 
  has 
  survived. 
  

  

  Cosmogony 
  centered 
  chiefly 
  around 
  the 
  tre^ 
  tre77 
  flood 
  story, 
  in 
  

   several 
  versions, 
  the 
  most 
  complete 
  early 
  one 
  being 
  that 
  of 
  Rosales 
  

   (1877-78, 
  1:3). 
  The 
  flood 
  was 
  caused 
  by 
  a 
  quarrel 
  between 
  two 
  

   great 
  serpents, 
  tre^ 
  trei? 
  and 
  kaikai. 
  The 
  higher 
  kaikai 
  raised 
  the 
  

   waters, 
  the 
  higher 
  did 
  trer/ 
  tre?? 
  raise 
  the 
  mountain 
  on 
  which 
  some 
  

   humans 
  took 
  refuge, 
  while 
  others 
  became 
  transformed 
  into 
  fish, 
  

   marine 
  animals, 
  rocks, 
  etc. 
  At 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  flood, 
  the 
  surviving 
  

   humans 
  engendered 
  offspring 
  who 
  became 
  the 
  ancestors 
  of 
  the 
  later 
  

   Indians. 
  (On 
  flood, 
  cf.: 
  Lehmann-Nitsche, 
  1918; 
  Gusinde, 
  1922.) 
  

   Another 
  tradition 
  has 
  it 
  that 
  the 
  people 
  originally 
  issued 
  from 
  large 
  

   rocks 
  (Felix 
  Jose, 
  1916, 
  1:299). 
  

  

  Mapuche-Huilliche 
  narrative 
  folklore, 
  of 
  which 
  a 
  considerable 
  

   amount 
  has 
  been 
  published, 
  is 
  largely 
  concerned 
  with 
  tales 
  of: 
  Super- 
  

   natural 
  beings, 
  such 
  as 
  Meul'en 
  and 
  Shompallwe 
  previously 
  mentioned 
  

   (under 
  Religion, 
  p. 
  748), 
  Cheurfe 
  (comet 
  or 
  shooting 
  star; 
  also 
  a 
  

   cannibal 
  giant), 
  and 
  others; 
  hybrid 
  monsters, 
  such 
  as 
  Waillepen 
  (a 
  

   calf 
  -sheep), 
  Piwichen 
  (a 
  winged 
  serpent); 
  ghosts 
  and 
  apparitions 
  

   (including 
  the 
  Lenore 
  motif); 
  sorcerers 
  and 
  their 
  machinations; 
  and 
  

   animals, 
  among 
  whom 
  the 
  fox 
  played 
  a 
  leading 
  role 
  as 
  the 
  wily 
  pred- 
  

   atory 
  adventurer 
  who 
  was 
  frequently 
  outwitted 
  or 
  brought 
  to 
  heel. 
  

   Folk 
  stories 
  were 
  told 
  by 
  men 
  or 
  women, 
  at 
  night, 
  with 
  enlivening 
  

   mimicry, 
  intonation, 
  and 
  gesture, 
  and 
  with 
  frequent 
  interpolations 
  of, 
  

   "they 
  say," 
  "it 
  is 
  said," 
  "it 
  seems." 
  (For 
  collections 
  of 
  Araucanian 
  

   folklore 
  cf.: 
  Leuz, 
  1895-97, 
  especially 
  94:100-20, 
  245-62, 
  animal 
  

   stories; 
  94:691-719, 
  mythical 
  beings, 
  1896; 
  Guevara 
  Silva, 
  1908, 
  

   pp. 
  319-63; 
  1911, 
  pp. 
  98-117; 
  Felix 
  Jose, 
  1910, 
  passim; 
  Speck, 
  1924; 
  

   Soustelle, 
  1938.) 
  

  

  LORE 
  AND 
  LEARNING 
  

  

  Sciences. 
  — 
  A 
  good 
  many 
  constellations 
  and 
  planets 
  were 
  known 
  by 
  

   native 
  names. 
  The 
  Milky 
  Way 
  was 
  the 
  heavenly 
  river 
  or 
  the 
  road 
  

   of 
  the 
  "fairies." 
  An 
  eclipse 
  of 
  the 
  sun 
  or 
  moon 
  was 
  verbalized 
  as 
  the 
  

   death 
  thereof. 
  Comets, 
  according 
  to 
  Molina 
  (1901, 
  p. 
  177), 
  were 
  not 
  

   always 
  omens 
  of 
  disaster. 
  In 
  recent 
  times, 
  according 
  to 
  Moesbach 
  

   (1936, 
  p. 
  82), 
  earthquakes 
  were 
  attributed 
  to 
  the 
  Supreme 
  Being; 
  

   volcanic 
  eruptions 
  to 
  Pillaii 
  or 
  wekufu. 
  

  

  From 
  the 
  slaughtering 
  of 
  animals 
  and 
  shamanistic 
  dissections 
  to 
  

   discover 
  the 
  sorcerer 
  responsible 
  for 
  death, 
  considerable 
  knowledge 
  

   of 
  anatomy 
  must 
  have 
  existed, 
  but 
  we 
  do 
  not 
  have 
  specific 
  details. 
  

  

  Wide 
  use 
  was 
  made 
  of 
  herbal 
  curatives 
  by 
  professional 
  shamans 
  

   and 
  semiprofessional 
  or 
  amateur 
  healers. 
  Gusinde 
  (1936 
  ; 
  cf. 
  1916-17) 
  

   lists 
  324 
  such 
  plant 
  remedies 
  used 
  in 
  the 
  cure 
  of 
  disease 
  and 
  for 
  related 
  

   purposes. 
  Plants 
  were 
  used 
  as 
  purgatives, 
  emetics, 
  sudorifics, 
  aborti- 
  

  

  