﻿756 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  before 
  1767, 
  Falkner 
  (1935) 
  between 
  circa 
  1744 
  and 
  1767, 
  Amat 
  y 
  

   Junient 
  (1927) 
  circa 
  1760, 
  Sanchez 
  Labrador 
  (1936), 
  Carvallo 
  i 
  Goyen- 
  

   eche 
  (1876) 
  last 
  third 
  of 
  18th 
  century, 
  Sors 
  (1921) 
  circa 
  1765-80, 
  

   De 
  la 
  Cruz 
  (1836) 
  1806, 
  Poeppig 
  (1835-36) 
  1828-29, 
  D'Orbigny 
  

   (1835-47) 
  1829, 
  Barbara 
  (1879, 
  1930), 
  1847-48 
  to 
  circa 
  1856, 
  Guinnard 
  

   (1864) 
  1856-59, 
  Cox 
  (1863) 
  1862-63, 
  Musters 
  (1871) 
  1869-70, 
  Man- 
  

   silla 
  (1877) 
  1870, 
  Moreno 
  (1879) 
  1874-77, 
  Milanesio 
  (1898) 
  1884-98, 
  

   La 
  Vaulx 
  (1897-98, 
  1901) 
  1896-97. 
  Of 
  these 
  sources 
  the 
  most 
  detailed 
  

   is 
  De 
  la 
  Cruz. 
  D'Orbigny's 
  and 
  Barbara's 
  lengthy 
  accounts 
  are 
  

   largely 
  drawn 
  from 
  that 
  of 
  De 
  la 
  Cruz. 
  The 
  other 
  accounts 
  are 
  mostly 
  

   based 
  on 
  independent 
  first-hand 
  observation. 
  In 
  general, 
  our 
  infor- 
  

   mation 
  upon 
  the 
  Argentine 
  Araucanians 
  is 
  not 
  nearly 
  so 
  abundant 
  as 
  

   that 
  upon 
  their 
  Chilean 
  brethren. 
  

  

  The 
  culture 
  of 
  the 
  Argentine 
  Araucanians 
  was 
  distinctly 
  a 
  palimp- 
  

   sest 
  one. 
  Some 
  elements 
  of 
  material 
  culture 
  were 
  given 
  up 
  and 
  others 
  

   substituted 
  therefor, 
  and 
  a 
  few 
  shifts 
  in 
  social 
  and 
  religious 
  culture 
  

   occurred, 
  but 
  beneath 
  these 
  superficial 
  changes 
  the 
  basic 
  ancient 
  

   Araucanian 
  culture 
  derived 
  or 
  brought 
  from 
  Chile 
  remained 
  largely 
  

   intact 
  and 
  is 
  readily 
  discernible. 
  The 
  more 
  significant 
  of 
  these 
  

   changes, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  known 
  from 
  our 
  very 
  imperfect 
  source 
  material, 
  are 
  

   given 
  in 
  this 
  section. 
  

  

  Among 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  Argentine 
  Araucanians, 
  horticulture, 
  the 
  basic 
  

   productive 
  economy 
  of 
  the 
  Chilean 
  Araucanians, 
  was 
  abandoned 
  

   entirely, 
  although 
  some 
  of 
  them 
  kept 
  up 
  a 
  certain 
  amount 
  of 
  gardening. 
  

   (Cf. 
  Falkner, 
  1935, 
  pp. 
  36, 
  126; 
  Cox, 
  1863, 
  p. 
  96; 
  Musters, 
  1871, 
  

   pp. 
  70-71, 
  239; 
  Milanesio, 
  1898, 
  p. 
  39.) 
  Sors 
  (1921, 
  39:184) 
  states 
  

   that 
  the 
  Pehuenche 
  ordinarily 
  did 
  not 
  plant. 
  The 
  Pehuenche 
  of 
  Molina 
  

   (1901, 
  p. 
  263), 
  De 
  la 
  Cruz 
  (1836, 
  p. 
  63), 
  and 
  Poeppig 
  (1835-36, 
  1:381, 
  

   383) 
  practiced 
  no 
  horticulture, 
  it 
  seems, 
  but 
  possessed 
  cattle, 
  horses, 
  

   and 
  other 
  livestock 
  in 
  fair 
  abundance. 
  Among 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  Araucani- 
  

   ans 
  farther 
  east 
  in 
  the 
  Piedmont 
  and 
  out 
  on 
  the 
  Pampa, 
  hunting, 
  with 
  

   the 
  bolas 
  and 
  other 
  weapons, 
  entirely 
  superseded 
  horticulture. 
  

  

  The 
  Pehuenche 
  men 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  women 
  used 
  to 
  paint 
  their 
  faces 
  and 
  

   arms 
  and 
  legs 
  and 
  to 
  wear 
  various 
  pendants 
  and 
  " 
  jewelry". 
  (Amat 
  y 
  

   Junient, 
  1927, 
  52:371; 
  Carvallo 
  i 
  Goyeneche, 
  1876, 
  p. 
  136; 
  Sors, 
  1921, 
  

   39:181.) 
  

  

  Among 
  the 
  new 
  elements, 
  mostly 
  adopted 
  from 
  the 
  non-Aravca- 
  

   nian 
  Pampean 
  tribes, 
  were: 
  The 
  bota 
  de 
  potro 
  (Molina, 
  1901, 
  p. 
  262; 
  

   De 
  la 
  Cruz, 
  1836, 
  p. 
  33) 
  ; 
  roasting 
  meat 
  by 
  placing 
  hot 
  stones 
  inside 
  the 
  

   carcass 
  (Cox, 
  1863, 
  p. 
  189); 
  the 
  portable 
  skin-covered 
  tent 
  of 
  conical 
  

   (Poeppig, 
  1835-36, 
  1:382) 
  or 
  toldo 
  (De 
  la 
  Cruz, 
  1836, 
  p. 
  37; 
  Cox, 
  1863, 
  

   pp. 
  144-45) 
  type; 
  chicha 
  of 
  fermented 
  algarroba 
  beans 
  (Mansilla, 
  1877, 
  

   2:45); 
  chewing 
  of 
  otcho 
  resin 
  (Guinnard, 
  1864, 
  p. 
  210); 
  use 
  of 
  horse 
  

   blood 
  as 
  a 
  soap 
  for 
  washing 
  the 
  face, 
  the 
  hair, 
  and 
  mantles 
  (De 
  la 
  Cruz, 
  

   1836, 
  p. 
  63 
  ; 
  D'Orbigny, 
  1835-47, 
  2:235), 
  and 
  of 
  a 
  certain 
  clay 
  for 
  rub- 
  

  

  