﻿760 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  

  

  repeated 
  almost 
  word 
  for 
  word 
  by 
  Kosales 
  (1877-78, 
  1:223, 
  468) 
  — 
  

   and 
  which 
  they 
  stored 
  in 
  a 
  manner 
  to 
  last 
  4 
  or 
  5 
  years. 
  Whether 
  

   they 
  practiced 
  any 
  agriculture 
  in 
  Marino 
  de 
  Lovera's 
  time 
  is 
  uncer- 
  

   tain 
  from 
  his 
  account, 
  while 
  Kosales' 
  two 
  statements 
  are 
  not 
  easily 
  

   harmonized: 
  "no 
  cuidan 
  de 
  sembrar" 
  (1:468), 
  and 
  "cogen 
  sus 
  trigos 
  

   y 
  zebadas 
  [European? 
  or 
  the 
  native 
  Araucanian 
  "cebada"?] 
  con 
  

   abundancia 
  los 
  Peguenches, 
  aunque 
  son 
  poco 
  labradores 
  y 
  con 
  muy 
  

   poco 
  que 
  siembran 
  se 
  contentan" 
  (1:192). 
  Pietas 
  (1846, 
  pp. 
  499, 
  

   500) 
  seems 
  to 
  imply 
  that 
  horticulture 
  was 
  absent. 
  For 
  the 
  rest, 
  

   climatic 
  conditions 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  Andes 
  were 
  not 
  favorable 
  to 
  gardening. 
  

  

  The 
  weapons 
  used 
  were 
  the 
  bow 
  and 
  arrow, 
  and 
  the 
  bolas 
  (Pietas, 
  

   1846, 
  p. 
  499). 
  

  

  Dwellings 
  were 
  of 
  hides 
  of 
  horses 
  and 
  cattle. 
  

  

  Rosales 
  (1877-78, 
  1:198) 
  alone 
  records 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  a 
  type 
  of 
  snow- 
  

   shoes 
  made 
  of 
  "coleos" 
  (Chusquea 
  sp. 
  probably) 
  to 
  prevent 
  sinking 
  

   in 
  the 
  deep 
  snow, 
  but 
  gives 
  no 
  details 
  on 
  construction 
  — 
  the 
  only 
  

   occurrence 
  of 
  snowshoes 
  reported 
  for 
  South 
  America, 
  to 
  the 
  writer's 
  

   knowledge, 
  except 
  the 
  Ona 
  one. 
  

  

  Each 
  Pehuenche, 
  according 
  to 
  Rosales 
  (1877-78, 
  1:197; 
  see 
  also 
  

   Pietas, 
  1846, 
  p. 
  500), 
  had 
  exclusive 
  and 
  hereditary 
  rights 
  to 
  gather 
  

   pifions 
  in 
  a 
  given 
  district 
  — 
  held, 
  added 
  Pietas, 
  just 
  as 
  the 
  Spaniards 
  

   hold 
  their 
  own 
  vineyards. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  18th 
  century, 
  the 
  culture 
  of 
  the 
  "Pehuenche" 
  

   between 
  lat. 
  34° 
  and 
  37° 
  S. 
  was 
  fundamentally 
  like 
  Mapuche- 
  

   Huilliche, 
  as 
  is 
  clear 
  from 
  Molina; 
  still 
  earlier 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  century, 
  

   Pietas 
  stated 
  (1846, 
  p. 
  499) 
  that 
  the 
  "Pehuenche" 
  farther 
  south 
  had 
  

   "los 
  mismos 
  ritos 
  y 
  costumbres" 
  as 
  the 
  Huilliche; 
  for 
  all 
  we 
  know, 
  

   even 
  in 
  the 
  16th 
  and 
  17th 
  centuries, 
  the 
  culture 
  of 
  the 
  Pegiienche 
  of 
  

   Rosales 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  pifion-eating 
  mountaineers 
  of 
  Marino 
  de 
  Lovera, 
  

   apart 
  from 
  the 
  few 
  reported 
  minor 
  differences 
  we 
  have 
  listed 
  and, 
  

   presumably, 
  other 
  nonreported 
  ones, 
  may 
  have 
  been 
  fundamentally 
  

   in 
  conformity 
  with 
  the 
  culture 
  of 
  the 
  Mapuche-Huilliche. 
  At 
  any 
  rate, 
  

   we 
  have 
  no 
  tangible 
  evidence 
  of 
  fundamental 
  difference 
  of 
  pattern. 
  

  

  BIBLIOGRAPHY 
  

  

  For 
  bibliographic 
  references 
  on 
  the 
  Mapuche-Huilliche, 
  see 
  page 
  699; 
  on 
  the 
  

   Picunche, 
  page 
  755; 
  on 
  the 
  Argentine 
  Araucanians, 
  pages 
  755-756; 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  

   Pehuenche, 
  page 
  759. 
  

  

  