﻿766 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  

  

  Araucanians, 
  the 
  results 
  should 
  everywhere 
  be 
  identical 
  or 
  similar. 
  

   Considering 
  the 
  Araucanian's 
  manner 
  of 
  living, 
  the 
  century 
  and 
  a 
  half 
  

   of 
  their 
  occupation 
  of 
  the 
  territory 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  Andes 
  was 
  not 
  sufficient 
  

   time 
  for 
  them 
  to 
  become 
  differentiated. 
  The 
  different 
  groups 
  of 
  

   eastern 
  Araucanians 
  remained 
  very 
  similar 
  to 
  one 
  another 
  in 
  their 
  

   physical 
  appearance 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  in 
  their 
  culture 
  and 
  language. 
  

  

  We 
  lack 
  exact 
  anthropometric 
  data 
  on 
  the 
  Argentine 
  Araucanian 
  

   stature, 
  but 
  according 
  to 
  different 
  historical 
  sources 
  they 
  were 
  of 
  a 
  

   "medium" 
  stature, 
  that 
  is, 
  an 
  average 
  height 
  of 
  5.4 
  to 
  5.6 
  feet 
  (1.65 
  to 
  

   1.70 
  m.). 
  This 
  is 
  understandable 
  because 
  they 
  were 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  the 
  

   mixture 
  of 
  the 
  short 
  Araucanians 
  of 
  Chile 
  with 
  the 
  taller 
  Pehuenche 
  

   and 
  the 
  other 
  Pampa 
  tribes. 
  

  

  According 
  to 
  craniological 
  measurements 
  published 
  by 
  Ten 
  Kate 
  

   (1893), 
  the 
  majority 
  (80.6 
  percent) 
  of 
  the 
  Araucanians 
  from 
  the 
  plains 
  

   are 
  brachy 
  cephalic 
  like 
  those 
  of 
  Chile, 
  and 
  19.4 
  percent 
  are 
  dolico- 
  

   cephalic 
  like 
  the 
  old 
  Pampa. 
  This 
  is 
  as 
  would 
  be 
  expected. 
  

  

  Their 
  culture 
  was 
  also 
  of 
  mixed 
  origin. 
  Features 
  of 
  Pampa 
  origin 
  

   included 
  their 
  lack 
  of 
  cultivation 
  of 
  the 
  soil; 
  use 
  of 
  the 
  classic 
  skin 
  

   toldo; 
  the 
  bolas 
  (boleadora) 
  as 
  the 
  principal 
  weapon, 
  together 
  with 
  the 
  

   spear; 
  their 
  diet 
  of 
  half 
  -raw 
  mare 
  meat 
  and 
  hot 
  blood, 
  and 
  their 
  

   mythology 
  and 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  their 
  spirit 
  of 
  evil, 
  Gualichu. 
  From 
  Chile 
  

   came 
  men's 
  and 
  women's 
  garments, 
  ornaments, 
  weaving, 
  silverwork, 
  

   wooden 
  plates, 
  spears 
  up 
  to 
  16 
  feet 
  (5 
  m.) 
  long, 
  part 
  of 
  their 
  social 
  

   organization, 
  and 
  some 
  funeral 
  practices. 
  

  

  Finally, 
  their 
  language 
  differed 
  from 
  that 
  of 
  Chile 
  in 
  certain 
  pecu- 
  

   liarities, 
  such 
  as 
  their 
  tendency 
  to 
  change 
  the 
  r 
  into 
  s 
  and 
  the 
  t 
  into 
  ch. 
  

  

  BIBLIOGRAPHY 
  

  

  Cabrera, 
  1934; 
  Canals 
  Frau, 
  1935, 
  1937 
  a, 
  1937 
  b, 
  1937 
  c, 
  1944; 
  Cruz, 
  1836; 
  

   Falkner, 
  1774; 
  Mansilla, 
  several 
  editions; 
  Pietas, 
  1846; 
  Ten 
  Kate, 
  1892 
  ;Valdi 
  via, 
  

   1887; 
  Vignati, 
  1936. 
  

  

  