﻿768 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  Coast, 
  from 
  north 
  to 
  south, 
  there 
  lived 
  the 
  following 
  tribes: 
  Barbacoa, 
  

   Esmeralda, 
  Manta, 
  Huancavilca, 
  Puna, 
  and 
  Tumbez. 
  We 
  are 
  told 
  

   that 
  the 
  eastern 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  Andes 
  was 
  inhabited 
  by 
  some 
  five 
  distinct 
  

   groups 
  of 
  Indians, 
  the 
  best 
  known 
  of 
  which 
  is 
  the 
  Jivaro 
  in 
  the 
  south. 
  

   (See 
  Handbook, 
  Volume 
  3.) 
  A 
  discussion 
  of 
  the 
  historical 
  sources 
  of 
  

   information 
  on 
  the 
  aboriginal 
  people 
  of 
  Ecuador, 
  and 
  a 
  summary 
  of 
  

   their 
  distribution 
  and 
  cultural 
  characteristics 
  are 
  given 
  by 
  Murra 
  

   (this 
  volume, 
  pp. 
  785-821). 
  As 
  yet 
  the 
  identification 
  of 
  tribal 
  groups 
  

   with 
  archeological 
  cultures 
  in 
  Ecuador 
  is 
  very 
  imperfect. 
  The 
  few 
  

   cases 
  of 
  such 
  identification 
  will 
  be 
  mentioned 
  below. 
  

  

  SOURCES 
  AND 
  PRESENT 
  STATUS 
  OF 
  RESEARCH 
  

  

  Before 
  considering 
  the 
  prehistoric 
  cultures 
  of 
  Ecuador, 
  it 
  is 
  useful 
  

   to 
  examine 
  the 
  nature 
  and 
  extent 
  of 
  existing 
  archeological 
  knowledge 
  

   of 
  that 
  region. 
  The 
  systematic 
  investigation 
  of 
  Ecuadorean 
  pre- 
  

   history 
  was 
  initiated 
  by 
  Federico 
  Gonzalez 
  Suarez 
  in 
  1878 
  with 
  his 
  

   archeological 
  and 
  historical 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  Canari 
  Indians 
  (Gonzalez 
  

   Suarez, 
  1878). 
  His 
  most 
  important 
  further 
  contributions 
  to 
  arche- 
  

   ology 
  were 
  a 
  systematic 
  description 
  of 
  the 
  archeological 
  remains 
  of 
  

   Ecuador 
  (1892) 
  and 
  a 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  aboriginal 
  peoples 
  of 
  Imbabura 
  

   and 
  Carchi 
  (1910). 
  At 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  the 
  20th 
  century, 
  field 
  

   work 
  was 
  greatly 
  accelerated. 
  G. 
  A. 
  Dorsey 
  published 
  a 
  report 
  on 
  

   his 
  excavation 
  on 
  La 
  Plata 
  Island 
  (Dorsey, 
  1901), 
  Paul 
  Rivet 
  made 
  

   an 
  extensive 
  ethnological 
  and 
  archeological 
  survey 
  during 
  the 
  years 
  

   1901-06 
  (Verneau 
  and 
  Rivet, 
  1912-22), 
  and 
  between 
  1907 
  and 
  1909, 
  

   Saville 
  carried 
  out 
  archeological 
  investigations 
  on 
  the 
  coasts 
  of 
  Manabi 
  

   and 
  Esmeraldas 
  (Saville, 
  1907-10, 
  1909). 
  A 
  full 
  report 
  on 
  Saville's 
  

   work 
  in 
  Esmeraldas 
  has 
  never 
  been 
  published. 
  

  

  In 
  1909, 
  another 
  Ecuadorean 
  scholar, 
  Jacinto 
  Jij6n 
  y 
  Caamano, 
  

   began 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  important 
  archeological 
  investigations. 
  His 
  most 
  

   extensive 
  excavations 
  were 
  made 
  in 
  Imbabura 
  Province 
  (Jij6n 
  y 
  

   Caamano, 
  1914 
  and 
  1920) 
  and 
  in 
  Chimborazo, 
  where 
  he 
  established 
  

   the 
  first 
  stratigraphic 
  sequence 
  in 
  Ecuador 
  (Jijon 
  y 
  Caamano, 
  1927). 
  

   His 
  views 
  based 
  on 
  these 
  and 
  other 
  researches 
  were 
  summarized 
  in 
  a 
  

   comprehensive 
  article 
  published 
  in 
  1930 
  (Jijon 
  y 
  Caamano, 
  1930). 
  

  

  In 
  1920, 
  Max 
  Uhle, 
  at 
  the 
  invitation 
  of 
  Jijon 
  y 
  Caamano, 
  left 
  Peru 
  

   to 
  carry 
  out 
  an 
  extensive 
  program 
  of 
  excavation 
  in 
  Ecuador. 
  In 
  the 
  

   succeeding 
  years 
  he 
  worked 
  in 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  Highland 
  provinces, 
  and 
  

   in 
  Manabi 
  and 
  Esmeraldas. 
  The 
  results 
  of 
  this 
  research 
  were 
  pub- 
  

   lished 
  in 
  numerous 
  short 
  articles 
  which 
  appeared 
  mainly 
  in 
  the 
  Boletin 
  

   de 
  la 
  Sociedad 
  Ecuatoriana 
  de 
  Estudios 
  Hist6ricos 
  (subsequently 
  the 
  

   Academia 
  Nacional 
  de 
  Historia). 
  Unfortunately, 
  during 
  this 
  period, 
  

   Uhle 
  had 
  become 
  completely 
  absorbed 
  in 
  his 
  theories 
  of 
  the 
  Central 
  

   America 
  origin 
  of 
  Andean 
  cultures. 
  As 
  a 
  result, 
  he 
  neglected 
  the 
  

   systematic 
  description 
  of 
  the 
  local 
  archeological 
  manifestations 
  for 
  

  

  