﻿770 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  niches 
  radiating 
  from 
  the 
  shaft 
  at 
  the 
  bottom, 
  or 
  several 
  shafts 
  may- 
  

   be 
  joined 
  at 
  the 
  bottom 
  by 
  connecting 
  tunnels, 
  in 
  each 
  of 
  which 
  is 
  

   a 
  body. 
  

  

  These 
  tombs, 
  most 
  of 
  which 
  have 
  been 
  opened 
  by 
  treasure 
  hunters, 
  

   contain 
  quantities 
  of 
  elaborately 
  decorated 
  pottery 
  and 
  some 
  gold 
  

   and 
  copper 
  ornaments. 
  (For 
  illustration 
  of 
  metal 
  objects 
  from 
  Carchi, 
  

   see 
  Verneau 
  and 
  Kivet, 
  1912-22, 
  pis. 
  24 
  and 
  25). 
  Gold 
  objects 
  have 
  

   most 
  frequently 
  been 
  found 
  in 
  graves 
  at 
  El 
  Angel 
  and 
  Puchues, 
  and 
  

   to 
  the 
  east 
  apparently 
  a 
  little 
  gold 
  and 
  copper 
  has 
  been 
  recovered 
  

   north 
  of 
  the 
  town 
  of 
  Huaca. 
  

  

  There 
  exists 
  no 
  adequate 
  published 
  description 
  of 
  the 
  pottery 
  styles 
  

   found 
  in 
  Carchi, 
  although 
  some 
  idea 
  of 
  the 
  range 
  can 
  be 
  gained 
  from 
  

   the 
  illustrations, 
  many 
  in 
  color, 
  of 
  Verneau 
  and 
  Kivet 
  (1912-22, 
  pis. 
  27, 
  

   29-31, 
  34-35, 
  39, 
  41-42, 
  52, 
  54-56). 
  Typical 
  forms 
  are 
  globular 
  jars, 
  

   tall, 
  elongated 
  jars 
  with 
  pointed 
  bottoms, 
  tripod 
  and 
  tetrapod 
  jars, 
  

   footed 
  bowls 
  and 
  jars, 
  compoteras 
  with 
  short 
  pedestals, 
  and 
  ocarinas. 
  

   Some 
  jars 
  and 
  all 
  tripods 
  (pi. 
  157, 
  g) 
  are 
  undecorated. 
  Some 
  jars 
  have 
  

   incised 
  geometric 
  designs, 
  or 
  zoomorphic 
  or 
  anthropomorphic 
  forms 
  

   modeled 
  on 
  their 
  exteriors. 
  Geometric 
  designs 
  in 
  red 
  over 
  a 
  white 
  or 
  

   cream 
  slip 
  are 
  found 
  on 
  jars 
  and 
  on 
  compotera 
  interiors, 
  as 
  are 
  negative 
  

   designs 
  in 
  black 
  over 
  a 
  red 
  or 
  white 
  slip 
  (pi. 
  157, 
  d, 
  e, 
  h). 
  1 
  The 
  red 
  

   designs 
  on 
  a 
  white 
  slip 
  are 
  found 
  also 
  on 
  the 
  ocarinas. 
  The 
  elongated 
  

   jars 
  with 
  pointed 
  bottoms, 
  the 
  interiors 
  of 
  some 
  compoteras, 
  and 
  some 
  

   jars 
  have 
  negative 
  designs 
  (black) 
  on 
  a 
  light 
  slip 
  with 
  red 
  over-painting 
  

   (pi. 
  157, 
  a-c,f, 
  i) 
  — 
  the 
  Tuncahuan 
  style 
  of 
  Jijon 
  y 
  Caamafio 
  (see 
  p. 
  772). 
  

  

  There 
  is 
  great 
  confusion 
  concerning 
  the 
  associations 
  of 
  the 
  pottery 
  

   styles 
  of 
  Carchi 
  with 
  one 
  another 
  and 
  with 
  other 
  cultural 
  features, 
  and 
  

   their 
  chronological 
  relationships 
  are 
  uncertain. 
  The 
  gold 
  ornaments 
  

   from 
  El 
  Angel 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  associated 
  with 
  pottery 
  of 
  Tuncahuan 
  style, 
  

   but 
  little 
  else 
  is 
  clear. 
  Uhle 
  (1928 
  a) 
  has 
  postulated 
  five 
  cultural 
  

   periods 
  for 
  the 
  area, 
  each 
  based 
  on 
  a 
  single 
  pottery 
  style. 
  This 
  chron- 
  

   ology 
  is 
  exceedingly 
  dubious 
  and 
  has 
  been 
  attacked 
  by 
  Jij6n 
  y 
  Caamafio 
  

   (1930, 
  p. 
  140, 
  note 
  1; 
  p. 
  141, 
  note 
  1) 
  and 
  Grijalva 
  (1937). 
  Jij6n 
  y 
  

   Caamafio 
  has 
  pointed 
  out 
  that 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  pottery 
  from 
  his 
  Period 
  I 
  

   in 
  Imbabura 
  is 
  very 
  similar 
  to 
  pottery 
  from 
  Uhle's 
  Period 
  II 
  at 
  Cuas- 
  

   mal 
  in 
  Carchi, 
  and 
  that 
  an 
  ocarina 
  of 
  the 
  type 
  pertaining 
  to 
  Period 
  III 
  

   at 
  Cuasmal 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  in 
  an 
  immediately 
  pre-Inca 
  horizon 
  in 
  

   Imbabura. 
  Grijalva 
  has 
  recorded 
  the 
  finding 
  of 
  Inca 
  pottery 
  in 
  the 
  

   bohios 
  of 
  Period 
  III 
  at 
  Cuasmal, 
  and 
  has 
  presented 
  evidence 
  that 
  

   Cuasmal 
  was 
  occupied 
  in 
  the 
  16th 
  century, 
  although 
  Uhle 
  be- 
  

  

  1 
  Explanation 
  of 
  Plate 
  157: 
  

  

  Pottery 
  from 
  Carchi. 
  a, 
  Tuncahuan 
  style, 
  El 
  Angel 
  (height 
  27J^ 
  inches 
  (70 
  cm.)); 
  b, 
  Tuncahuan 
  style, 
  El 
  

   Angel 
  (height 
  24-& 
  inches 
  (63 
  cm.)); 
  c, 
  Tuncahuan 
  style, 
  El 
  Angel 
  (height 
  30H 
  inches 
  (78 
  cm.)); 
  d, 
  from 
  

   Huaca 
  (diameter 
  6% 
  inches 
  (16 
  cm.)) 
  ; 
  e, 
  from 
  Tulcanquer 
  (diameter 
  7J4 
  inches 
  (18 
  cm.)) 
  ;/, 
  Tuncahuan 
  style, 
  

   Huaca 
  (diameter 
  7H 
  inches 
  (19 
  cm.)); 
  0,from 
  El 
  Angel 
  (height 
  6K 
  inches 
  (17 
  cm.)); 
  A, 
  from 
  El 
  Angel 
  (height 
  

   4 
  inches 
  (10 
  cm.)) 
  ; 
  i, 
  Tuncahuan 
  style, 
  El 
  Angel 
  (height 
  16^ 
  inches 
  (42 
  cm.)). 
  (After 
  Verneau 
  and 
  Rivet, 
  

   1912-22, 
  pis. 
  54, 
  S; 
  55, 
  4 
  and 
  5; 
  29, 
  6 
  and 
  8; 
  31, 
  8; 
  39, 
  12; 
  27, 
  IS; 
  and 
  52, 
  6.) 
  

  

  