﻿Vol.2] 
  ARCHEOLOGY 
  IN 
  ECUADOR 
  — 
  COLLIER 
  771 
  

  

  lieved 
  the 
  occupation 
  of 
  Cuasmal 
  was 
  pre-Tiahuanaco 
  in 
  time. 
  It 
  

   is 
  clear 
  that 
  a 
  reliable 
  chronology 
  for 
  Carchi 
  has 
  yet 
  to 
  be 
  established. 
  

  

  IMBABURA 
  PROVINCE 
  

  

  Imbabura 
  and 
  the 
  adjoining 
  parts 
  of 
  Pichincha 
  comprise 
  the 
  only 
  

   region 
  in 
  Highland 
  Ecuador 
  with 
  mounds 
  (tolas) 
  . 
  On 
  the 
  basis 
  of 
  his 
  

   extensive 
  excavations 
  in 
  the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  Urcuqul 
  (near 
  Ibarra) 
  and 
  at 
  

   Quinche 
  in 
  northeastern 
  Pichincha, 
  Jij6n 
  y 
  Caamafio 
  (1914, 
  1920) 
  has 
  

   established 
  for 
  the 
  area 
  an 
  Inca 
  Period 
  and 
  three 
  -pre-Inca 
  Periods. 
  

  

  The 
  pottery 
  of 
  the 
  earliest 
  period 
  (Period 
  I) 
  consists 
  of 
  deep 
  bowls, 
  

   jars, 
  tripods, 
  and 
  bottles. 
  Some 
  vessels 
  bear 
  a 
  red 
  slip, 
  others 
  are 
  

   decorated 
  with 
  a 
  line 
  of 
  bumps 
  around 
  the 
  shoulder 
  or 
  with 
  incised 
  

   geometric 
  patterns. 
  Most 
  distinctive 
  are 
  vessels 
  ornamented 
  with 
  

   rays, 
  steps, 
  or 
  other 
  geometric 
  designs 
  painted 
  in 
  a 
  dark 
  color 
  (usually 
  

   red) 
  on 
  a 
  cream 
  slip. 
  2 
  Probably 
  but 
  not 
  certainly 
  the 
  burial 
  mounds 
  

   of 
  the 
  region 
  are 
  associated 
  with 
  the 
  pottery 
  of 
  Period 
  I. 
  

  

  Period 
  II 
  is 
  characterized 
  by 
  burials 
  in 
  pits 
  unassociated 
  with 
  mounds. 
  

   The 
  pottery 
  from 
  these 
  burials 
  consists 
  of 
  bowls, 
  jars, 
  tripods, 
  tetra- 
  

   pods, 
  compoteras, 
  bottles, 
  and 
  squash-form 
  jars. 
  It 
  includes 
  a 
  black 
  

   ware 
  and 
  vessels 
  with 
  red 
  slip. 
  There 
  are 
  vessels 
  with 
  incised 
  geo- 
  

   metric 
  designs 
  and 
  with 
  a 
  shoulder-ridge. 
  Common 
  decorations 
  are 
  

   spirals, 
  triangles, 
  and 
  rhomboids 
  or 
  parallel 
  lines 
  painted 
  in 
  a 
  slightly 
  

   different 
  tone 
  of 
  the 
  background 
  color. 
  Vessels 
  with 
  zoomorphic 
  or 
  

   anthropomorphic 
  designs 
  in 
  relief 
  are 
  distinctive. 
  

  

  Period 
  III 
  is 
  characterized 
  by 
  mounds 
  used 
  not 
  for 
  burials 
  but 
  as 
  

   bases 
  for 
  houses 
  and 
  temples. 
  The 
  pottery 
  forms 
  in 
  this 
  period 
  are 
  

   bowls, 
  jars, 
  tripods, 
  compoteras, 
  bottles, 
  shoe-shaped 
  vessels, 
  and 
  a 
  

   distinctive 
  form 
  of 
  cup 
  (timbal) 
  which 
  is 
  interpreted 
  as 
  evidence 
  of 
  

   Inca 
  influence. 
  Black-ware 
  vessels, 
  pots 
  with 
  red 
  slip, 
  and 
  squashlike 
  

   jars 
  are 
  present. 
  Incised 
  decorations 
  are 
  absent 
  but 
  reticulate 
  designs, 
  

   parallel 
  lines, 
  and 
  opposed 
  chevrons 
  are 
  painted 
  in 
  the 
  manner 
  of 
  

   Period 
  II. 
  

  

  The 
  chronological 
  position 
  of 
  the 
  three 
  -pre-Inca 
  Periods 
  is 
  based 
  on 
  

   stylistic 
  analysis. 
  Periods 
  II 
  and 
  III 
  are 
  stylistically 
  related. 
  Pe- 
  

   riod 
  I 
  is 
  distinct 
  from 
  the 
  other 
  two 
  and, 
  as 
  it 
  does 
  not 
  fit 
  stylistically 
  

   between 
  the 
  other 
  two 
  periods, 
  is 
  placed 
  earliest. 
  

  

  TUNGURAHUA-CHIMBORAZO 
  REGION 
  

  

  Jij6n 
  y 
  Caamafio, 
  as 
  a 
  result 
  of 
  his 
  extensive 
  excavations 
  in 
  Tungu- 
  

   rahua 
  and 
  northern 
  Chimborazo, 
  has 
  postulated 
  for 
  the 
  region 
  seven 
  

   cultural 
  periods, 
  the 
  chronological 
  relations 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  established 
  

   on 
  stylistic 
  analysis 
  and 
  some 
  stratigraphic 
  evidence. 
  These 
  periods, 
  

   beginning 
  with 
  the 
  earliest, 
  are 
  Proto-Panzaleo 
  I 
  and 
  II, 
  Tuncahuan, 
  

  

  » 
  In 
  a 
  later 
  publication 
  (1930, 
  p. 
  141, 
  note 
  1) 
  Jijon 
  y 
  Caamafio 
  has 
  stated 
  his 
  belief 
  that 
  this 
  style 
  is 
  related 
  

   to 
  pottery 
  from 
  Uhle's 
  Period 
  II 
  in 
  Carchi. 
  

  

  