﻿Vol.2] 
  ARCHEOLOGY 
  IN 
  ECUADOR 
  — 
  COLLIER 
  781 
  

  

  pottery; 
  Tuncahuan; 
  Proto-Panzaleo 
  II. 
  Proto-Panzaleo 
  I 
  pottery 
  

   was 
  found 
  in 
  another 
  mound 
  near 
  Manta. 
  Near 
  the 
  present 
  cemetery 
  

   of 
  Manta, 
  at 
  shallow 
  depth, 
  was 
  found 
  a 
  polished 
  red 
  ware 
  engraved 
  

   with 
  curvilinear 
  and 
  geometric 
  designs, 
  which 
  Jijon 
  y 
  Caamano 
  named 
  

   Estilo 
  de 
  los 
  Sellos. 
  On 
  the 
  basis 
  of 
  these 
  finds, 
  he 
  has 
  postulated 
  the 
  

   following 
  chronology 
  for 
  Manabi: 
  Proto-Panzaleo 
  I, 
  Proto-Panzaleo 
  

   II, 
  Tuncahuan, 
  Estilo 
  de 
  los 
  Sellos, 
  Mantefio 
  Period, 
  Inca 
  (1930, 
  p. 
  

   140). 
  He 
  is 
  uncertain 
  whether 
  the 
  Estilo 
  de 
  los 
  Sellos 
  preceded 
  or 
  

   followed 
  Tuncahuan, 
  and 
  gives 
  no 
  opinion 
  as 
  to 
  which 
  period 
  the 
  

   stone 
  seats 
  and 
  other 
  carvings 
  belong, 
  but 
  the 
  Estilo 
  de 
  los 
  Sellos 
  

   Period 
  or 
  the 
  Mantefio 
  Period 
  appear 
  most 
  likely. 
  

  

  ESMERALDAS 
  PROVINCE 
  

  

  In 
  Esmeraldas, 
  also, 
  there 
  are 
  many 
  mounds, 
  mostly 
  circular. 
  The 
  

   Esmeraldas 
  Coast 
  was 
  surveyed 
  by 
  Saville 
  but 
  he 
  published 
  only 
  a 
  

   preliminary 
  report 
  (1909). 
  Uhle 
  (1927 
  a, 
  1927 
  b) 
  and 
  Ferdon 
  (1940- 
  

   41) 
  have 
  also 
  published 
  summaries 
  of 
  the 
  archeological 
  remains 
  on 
  

   this 
  Coast. 
  The 
  best-known 
  site 
  is 
  La 
  Tolita, 
  on 
  the 
  island 
  of 
  that 
  

   name 
  at 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  Rio 
  Santiago 
  (Ferdon, 
  1940-41). 
  Here 
  there 
  

   are 
  31 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  circular 
  mounds 
  of 
  varying 
  size 
  (the 
  largest 
  is 
  about 
  

   240 
  feet 
  (75 
  m.) 
  in 
  diameter 
  and 
  22 
  feet 
  (7 
  m.) 
  high). 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  

   smaller 
  mounds 
  were 
  apparently 
  used 
  for 
  burials, 
  while 
  the 
  larger 
  

   mounds 
  may 
  have 
  served 
  as 
  temple 
  bases. 
  A 
  layer 
  of 
  sherds 
  and 
  other 
  

   cultural 
  material 
  more 
  than 
  3 
  feet 
  (1 
  m.) 
  thick 
  underlies 
  the 
  mound 
  

   structures. 
  The 
  lower 
  portion 
  of 
  this 
  stratum 
  is 
  below 
  high-tide 
  mark. 
  

   A 
  similar 
  phenomenon 
  is 
  observed 
  in 
  relation 
  to 
  cultural 
  deposits 
  on 
  

   the 
  Coast 
  as 
  far 
  south 
  as 
  the 
  Rio 
  Ostiones, 
  suggesting 
  a 
  slight 
  sub- 
  

   mergence 
  of 
  the 
  Coast 
  in 
  this 
  region. 
  For 
  years, 
  La 
  Tolita 
  has 
  been 
  

   systematically 
  exploited 
  for 
  the 
  small 
  gold 
  ornaments 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  

   cultural 
  deposit. 
  In 
  addition 
  to 
  the 
  great 
  variety 
  of 
  gold, 
  platinum, 
  

   and 
  gilded 
  copper 
  objects, 
  8 
  the 
  excavations 
  have 
  produced 
  pottery 
  

   figurines, 
  pottery 
  vessels 
  of 
  various 
  types 
  (including 
  those 
  painted 
  with 
  

   scrolls, 
  lines, 
  and 
  dots 
  in 
  black, 
  and 
  a 
  vessel 
  of 
  Tuncahuan 
  style), 
  pot- 
  

   tery 
  graters, 
  and 
  manos, 
  metates, 
  and 
  axes 
  of 
  stone. 
  

  

  South 
  of 
  La 
  Tolita 
  numerous 
  large 
  sherd 
  deposits 
  have 
  been 
  reported 
  

   to 
  be 
  exposed 
  along 
  the 
  wave-cut 
  terraces 
  of 
  the 
  shore, 
  and 
  there 
  are 
  

   mounds 
  of 
  shell 
  and 
  sherds 
  or 
  of 
  earth 
  back 
  from 
  the 
  shore. 
  

  

  Farther 
  south 
  at 
  Rio 
  Verde, 
  pottery 
  painted 
  with 
  red 
  linear 
  

   decorations 
  on 
  a 
  white 
  or 
  yellow 
  slip 
  has 
  been 
  reported. 
  On 
  the 
  Rio 
  

   Tiaone, 
  an 
  affluent 
  of 
  the 
  Rio 
  Esmeraldas, 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  jars 
  with 
  

   five 
  legs, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  other 
  vessels 
  painted 
  with 
  wide, 
  curved 
  bands 
  in 
  

   yellow 
  or 
  red. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  thick 
  stratum 
  of 
  sherds 
  underlying 
  the 
  present 
  town 
  of 
  

  

  8 
  For 
  a 
  description 
  and 
  metallurgical 
  analysis 
  of 
  metal 
  objects 
  from 
  La 
  Tolita 
  and 
  Atacames, 
  see 
  Bergsfte, 
  

   1937 
  and 
  1938. 
  

  

  