﻿788 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  the 
  present-day 
  Province 
  of 
  Carchi 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  the 
  Chota 
  and 
  Mira 
  Rivers 
  

   to 
  the 
  south 
  and 
  the 
  summits 
  of 
  the 
  Cordillera 
  Oriental 
  to 
  the 
  east. 
  

  

  The 
  Cara 
  (Caranqui, 
  Imbaya) 
  occupied 
  the 
  Province 
  of 
  Imbabura, 
  

   extending 
  east 
  beyond 
  Pimapiro, 
  and 
  also 
  the 
  northern 
  part 
  of 
  Pi- 
  

   chincha 
  Province, 
  having 
  crossed 
  the 
  Guaillabamba 
  River, 
  and 
  includ- 
  

   ing 
  such 
  settlements 
  as 
  Carapungo 
  (Calderon) 
  and 
  maybe 
  Pomasqui, 
  

   Tumbaco, 
  and 
  Pifo. 
  To 
  the 
  west, 
  the 
  borderline 
  is 
  unclear. 
  Their 
  af- 
  

   filiation 
  to 
  the 
  Cayapa-Colorado 
  is 
  quite 
  close 
  and 
  their 
  onetime 
  identity 
  

   has 
  been 
  postulated. 
  

  

  The 
  Panzaleo 
  (Kito, 
  Quito) 
  probably 
  occupied 
  the 
  site 
  of 
  present-day 
  

   Quito, 
  and 
  most 
  of 
  Pichincha 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  Cotopaxi 
  and 
  Tungurahua 
  

   Provinces. 
  Their 
  southern 
  limit 
  was 
  the 
  Sanancajas 
  "knot," 
  with 
  

   Mocha 
  their 
  southernmost 
  settlement. 
  The 
  Cordillera 
  de 
  Sigchos 
  has 
  

   been 
  suggested 
  as 
  the 
  western 
  frontier. 
  

  

  To 
  the 
  south, 
  the 
  Puruhd 
  settlements 
  were 
  particularly 
  dense 
  

   around 
  Riobamba 
  and 
  Guano, 
  although 
  use 
  of 
  the 
  Puruhd 
  language 
  

   was 
  reported 
  as 
  far 
  south 
  as 
  the 
  Nudo 
  de 
  Azuay 
  and 
  the 
  Chanchan 
  

   Valley. 
  The 
  Puruhd 
  area 
  includes 
  the 
  Province 
  of 
  Chimborazo 
  and 
  

   the 
  part 
  of 
  Bolivar 
  Province 
  forming 
  the 
  Chimbo 
  Basin. 
  

  

  The 
  Chanchan 
  Valley 
  was 
  apparently 
  bilingual, 
  as 
  Canari 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  

   Puruhd 
  is 
  reported 
  for 
  Alausi 
  and 
  Chunchi. 
  The 
  Canari 
  apparently 
  

   lived 
  in 
  the 
  western 
  lowlands 
  on 
  the 
  Coast, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  Sierra. 
  

   The 
  Chanchan 
  and, 
  farther 
  west, 
  the 
  Naranjal 
  Valley 
  were 
  their 
  

   northern 
  limits, 
  while 
  the 
  Jubones 
  Valley 
  marked 
  their 
  southernmost 
  

   extension. 
  The 
  area 
  includes 
  the 
  Provinces 
  of 
  Canar, 
  Azuay, 
  and 
  part 
  

   of 
  El 
  Oro. 
  Toponymy 
  suggests 
  that 
  at 
  one 
  time 
  they 
  extended 
  into 
  

   Loja 
  as 
  well. 
  

  

  The 
  Palta 
  lived 
  in 
  present-day 
  Loja 
  and 
  El 
  Oro 
  Provinces 
  as 
  well 
  

   as 
  in 
  Jaen 
  in 
  Perii. 
  Their 
  western 
  extension 
  is 
  unknown. 
  The 
  

   affiliations 
  of 
  this 
  group 
  are 
  definitely 
  Amazonian, 
  and 
  they 
  are 
  ap- 
  

   parently 
  latecomers 
  in 
  the 
  Sierra. 
  

  

  The 
  western 
  lowlands 
  of 
  Ecuador 
  are 
  not 
  the 
  dry, 
  desolate 
  desert 
  

   of 
  Coastal 
  Peru. 
  But 
  for 
  the 
  jutting 
  peninsula 
  of 
  Santa 
  Elena, 
  in 
  

   Manabi 
  Province, 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  Coast 
  misses 
  the 
  desiccating 
  effects 
  of 
  

   the 
  Humboldt 
  Current 
  and 
  is 
  true 
  equatorial 
  jungle, 
  inhabitable 
  only 
  

   along 
  river 
  valleys 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  western 
  declivities 
  of 
  the 
  mountains. 
  

   The 
  environment 
  of 
  the 
  area 
  is 
  totally 
  different 
  from 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  cold, 
  

   high 
  Andean 
  Plateau, 
  and 
  most 
  of 
  life 
  and 
  its 
  patterning 
  differs 
  

   fundamentally 
  from 
  Highland 
  to 
  lowland. 
  

  

  Aboriginal 
  groups 
  on 
  the 
  Coast 
  varied 
  in 
  cultural 
  complexity 
  and 
  

   linguistic 
  affiliation. 
  Their 
  boundaries 
  are 
  even 
  more 
  uncertain 
  than 
  

   those 
  of 
  the 
  Highland 
  Indians, 
  as 
  the 
  occasional 
  travelers 
  indicated 
  

   overlapping 
  abodes 
  for 
  what 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  distinct 
  ethnic 
  units. 
  There 
  

   was 
  much 
  movement 
  back 
  and 
  forth 
  on 
  the 
  Coast, 
  peaceful 
  trade, 
  and 
  

   occasional 
  forays 
  and 
  pillaging, 
  so 
  that 
  contradictory 
  statements 
  

  

  