﻿796 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  structures 
  required 
  less 
  timber, 
  and 
  at 
  high 
  altitudes 
  trees 
  are 
  very- 
  

   rare. 
  

  

  Dress 
  and 
  ornaments. 
  — 
  Men 
  wore 
  a 
  sleeveless 
  shirt, 
  over 
  which 
  

   they 
  threw 
  a 
  square 
  blanket 
  almost 
  2 
  feet 
  (0.6 
  m.) 
  long. 
  Their 
  hair 
  

   grew 
  long 
  and 
  was 
  never 
  cut. 
  It 
  was 
  kept 
  in 
  place 
  by 
  a 
  colored 
  

   ribbon. 
  Cutting 
  the 
  hair 
  was 
  a 
  severe 
  punishment, 
  second 
  only 
  to 
  

   death. 
  The 
  Panzaleo 
  wore 
  sandals 
  of 
  cabuya 
  fiber. 
  Women 
  covered 
  

   their 
  bodies 
  from 
  neck 
  to 
  feet 
  with 
  a 
  large 
  shirtlike 
  cloth, 
  with 
  only 
  

   the 
  arms 
  showing. 
  They 
  wore 
  a 
  narrow 
  blanket 
  over 
  the 
  shoulders 
  

   and 
  kept 
  it 
  in 
  place 
  with 
  a 
  silver 
  or 
  gold 
  tupu 
  pin. 
  They 
  also 
  used 
  

   hair 
  ribbons 
  and 
  sandals. 
  Row 
  upon 
  row 
  of 
  gold 
  and 
  bone 
  beads 
  

   and 
  silver 
  bracelets 
  were 
  quite 
  commonly 
  worn. 
  

  

  Manufactures. 
  — 
  With 
  women 
  busy 
  in 
  agricultural 
  pursuits, 
  men 
  

   spun, 
  wove, 
  and 
  cut 
  clothes, 
  made 
  weapons, 
  and 
  fought 
  the 
  wars. 
  

   They 
  used 
  spears 
  and 
  clubs 
  of 
  fire-hardened 
  palmwood, 
  spear 
  throwers 
  

   and 
  slings, 
  with 
  which 
  they 
  were 
  very 
  expert. 
  

  

  Chieftainship. 
  — 
  Chiefs 
  had 
  considerable 
  authority 
  and 
  could 
  be 
  

   distinguished 
  by 
  their 
  ornate 
  dress. 
  Their 
  houses 
  were 
  much 
  larger 
  

   and, 
  on 
  ceremonial 
  occasions, 
  served 
  as 
  communal 
  gathering 
  places, 
  

   the 
  chief 
  providing 
  the 
  food 
  and 
  the 
  chicha. 
  They 
  owned 
  much 
  gold 
  

   and 
  other 
  jewelry, 
  such 
  as 
  pendants, 
  nose 
  plugs, 
  and 
  bracelets. 
  A 
  

   chief 
  was 
  expected 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  bravest 
  and 
  most 
  hard 
  working 
  of 
  all 
  

   men. 
  There 
  was 
  a 
  hierarchy 
  of 
  native 
  leaders 
  who 
  were 
  kept 
  in 
  touch 
  

   with 
  the 
  headman 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  runners. 
  These 
  features 
  may 
  have 
  

   been 
  of 
  Inca 
  origin. 
  

  

  A 
  chief 
  was 
  buried 
  with 
  much 
  ceremony 
  and 
  mourning. 
  He 
  was 
  

   interred 
  seated 
  on 
  a 
  stool, 
  with 
  his 
  favorite 
  wife 
  at 
  his 
  side. 
  All 
  his 
  

   ornaments 
  and 
  large 
  quantities 
  of 
  chicha 
  were 
  placed 
  in 
  the 
  tomb. 
  

   Ordinary 
  folk 
  were 
  also 
  buried 
  in 
  a 
  sitting 
  position, 
  with 
  a 
  thick 
  piece 
  

   of 
  cane 
  in 
  their 
  mouth, 
  and 
  were 
  liberally 
  provided 
  with 
  corn 
  beer. 
  

  

  Religion. 
  — 
  The 
  Spaniards 
  report 
  that 
  shamans 
  represented 
  the 
  

   people 
  in 
  dealing 
  with 
  Supay 
  (Torres 
  de 
  Mendoza, 
  1868), 
  now 
  a 
  gen- 
  

   eralized 
  native 
  Ecuadorean 
  evil 
  deity. 
  Offerings 
  were 
  made 
  to 
  pla- 
  

   cate 
  his 
  wrath. 
  

  

  Mythology. 
  — 
  Native 
  mythology 
  derived 
  the 
  Panzaleo 
  from 
  the 
  

   bottom 
  of 
  Tungurahua, 
  a 
  local 
  volcano. 
  A 
  great 
  celebration 
  lasting 
  

   4 
  to 
  6 
  days 
  took 
  place 
  once 
  a 
  year, 
  a 
  hundred 
  or 
  more 
  people 
  partici- 
  

   pating. 
  The 
  origin 
  myth 
  was 
  recited 
  amid 
  much 
  singing, 
  dancing, 
  

   and 
  drinking. 
  

  

  the 
  puruhX 
  

  

  Tribal 
  divisions. 
  — 
  The 
  Puruhd 
  inhabited 
  Chimborazo 
  and 
  Bolivar 
  

   Provinces, 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  Panzaleo. 
  They 
  were 
  moving 
  up 
  north 
  in 
  

   late 
  pre-Inca 
  times, 
  according 
  to 
  archeological 
  evidence. 
  Their 
  area 
  

  

  