﻿800 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  B. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  of 
  the 
  Chibcha, 
  in 
  Colombia 
  (Saville, 
  1924 
  b; 
  Heuzey, 
  1870), 
  and 
  

   amazed 
  the 
  goldsmiths 
  of 
  16th-century 
  Europe, 
  both 
  for 
  their 
  technical 
  

   and 
  artistic 
  qualities. 
  

  

  Ceramics. 
  — 
  Ceramics 
  found 
  in 
  this 
  area 
  are 
  technically 
  and 
  artis- 
  

   tically 
  among 
  the 
  best 
  made 
  in 
  the 
  Ecuadorean 
  Highland. 
  In 
  later 
  

   Colonial 
  times, 
  Canari 
  pottery 
  was 
  traded 
  all 
  over 
  the 
  southern 
  part 
  of 
  

   the 
  country. 
  The 
  chronicler 
  Fr. 
  Gaspar 
  de 
  Gallegos 
  attributes 
  such 
  

   excellence 
  in 
  pottery 
  and 
  metalwork 
  to 
  Inca 
  influence. 
  Archeological 
  

   evidence 
  contradicts 
  such 
  an 
  assertion: 
  all 
  over 
  Cafiar 
  and 
  Azuay, 
  

   pre-Inca 
  strata 
  yield 
  artifacts 
  indicating 
  considerable 
  skill 
  and 
  esthetic 
  

   appreciation. 
  

  

  Weapons. 
  — 
  In 
  war 
  and 
  hunting, 
  palmwood 
  spears 
  and 
  spear 
  throwers 
  

   were 
  used 
  along 
  with 
  slings 
  and 
  clubs. 
  Copper 
  and 
  stone 
  axes 
  were 
  

   known, 
  and 
  rumor 
  has 
  it 
  that 
  a 
  ton 
  and 
  a 
  half 
  of 
  copper 
  axes 
  were 
  

   extracted 
  from 
  one 
  large 
  collective 
  burial. 
  

  

  Social 
  features. 
  — 
  Chiefs 
  were 
  polygamous, 
  their 
  followers 
  usually 
  

   monogamous. 
  The 
  eldest 
  son 
  of 
  the 
  main 
  wife 
  inherited 
  his 
  father's 
  

   rank 
  and 
  wealth. 
  There 
  was 
  a 
  definite 
  hierarchy 
  of 
  native 
  chieftains, 
  

   with 
  the 
  one 
  at 
  Tomebamba 
  considered 
  most 
  important. 
  

  

  The 
  Canari 
  confederation 
  was 
  well 
  aware 
  of 
  its 
  neighbors 
  and 
  main- 
  

   tained 
  close 
  relations 
  with 
  them. 
  Intermarriage 
  and 
  cooperation 
  with 
  

   a 
  Macas 
  chief 
  are 
  reported 
  when 
  resistance 
  against 
  the 
  Inca 
  was 
  being 
  

   organized. 
  The 
  Jivaro, 
  inhabiting 
  the 
  jungles 
  to 
  the 
  east, 
  were 
  once 
  

   part 
  of 
  a 
  Canari 
  confederation, 
  although 
  most 
  reports 
  consider 
  them 
  

   enemies, 
  which 
  is 
  likely, 
  as 
  the 
  Jivaro 
  known 
  as 
  Palta 
  occupied 
  Loja 
  

   Province, 
  which 
  had 
  formerly 
  been 
  Canari 
  territory. 
  Frequently, 
  

   these 
  groups 
  fought 
  over 
  women. 
  When 
  at 
  war, 
  the 
  Canari 
  painted 
  

   their 
  faces, 
  arms, 
  and 
  legs 
  red, 
  and 
  hung 
  parrot 
  feathers 
  and 
  silver 
  

   pendants 
  on 
  their 
  chests. 
  Friendly 
  relations 
  with 
  various 
  neighbors 
  

   were 
  maintained 
  and 
  bolstered 
  through 
  active 
  trade, 
  which 
  exchanged 
  

   the 
  tropical 
  products 
  of 
  the 
  eastern 
  and 
  western 
  lowlands 
  for 
  those 
  of 
  

   the 
  inter- 
  Andean 
  plateau. 
  Cotton 
  and 
  salt 
  were 
  chief 
  exchange 
  com- 
  

   modities. 
  Salt 
  springs 
  were 
  a 
  frequent 
  cause 
  of 
  dispute. 
  

  

  Burials. 
  — 
  Collective 
  interment 
  of 
  the 
  dead 
  was 
  not 
  unusual. 
  Chiefs 
  

   were 
  buried 
  in 
  deep, 
  circular 
  holes, 
  their 
  bodies 
  flexed 
  in 
  a 
  sitting 
  

   position. 
  Male 
  dominance 
  was 
  such 
  that 
  wives 
  and 
  servants 
  were 
  

   dispatched 
  to 
  assist 
  the 
  leader 
  in 
  the 
  other 
  world. 
  Weapons 
  and 
  orna- 
  

   ments 
  of 
  all 
  kinds 
  were 
  included, 
  along 
  with 
  land 
  snails 
  which 
  are 
  found 
  

   in 
  the 
  poorest 
  of 
  the 
  graves. 
  Large 
  boulders 
  were 
  piled 
  up 
  at 
  the 
  

   mouth 
  of 
  the 
  grave. 
  

  

  Mythology 
  and 
  religion. 
  — 
  Tradition 
  derives 
  the 
  Canari 
  from 
  the 
  

   union 
  of 
  a 
  male 
  survivor 
  of 
  the 
  Flood 
  with 
  a 
  woman-faced 
  parrot. 
  

   The 
  Flood 
  may 
  well 
  be 
  a 
  Christian 
  element, 
  but 
  the 
  parrot 
  is 
  undoubt- 
  

   edly 
  a 
  native 
  "pre-Inca 
  sacred 
  animal 
  of 
  totemic 
  nature, 
  being 
  a 
  com- 
  

   mon 
  Canari 
  art 
  motif. 
  Another 
  myth 
  designates 
  a 
  lagoon 
  near 
  Sigsig 
  

  

  