﻿Vol.2] 
  TRIBES 
  OF 
  ECUADOR 
  — 
  MURRA 
  807 
  

  

  trading 
  league. 
  They 
  engaged 
  in 
  constant 
  wars 
  with 
  the 
  settlements 
  

   on 
  the 
  continent, 
  particularly 
  with 
  Tumbez, 
  a 
  large 
  town 
  full 
  of 
  

   attractive 
  booty 
  and 
  the 
  last 
  important 
  Inca 
  settlement 
  on 
  the 
  North 
  

   Coast. 
  In 
  righting, 
  they 
  used 
  spears 
  and 
  spear 
  throwers, 
  slings, 
  

   copper 
  axes, 
  and 
  clubs. 
  War 
  and 
  commerce 
  had 
  so 
  enriched 
  the 
  Puna 
  

   that 
  all 
  chroniclers 
  were 
  impressed 
  with 
  their 
  prosperity. 
  

  

  Religion. 
  — 
  Details 
  on 
  Puna 
  religious 
  beliefs 
  are 
  not 
  on 
  record. 
  

   They 
  venerated 
  the 
  sea, 
  fish, 
  and 
  some 
  large 
  felines. 
  Spanish 
  gossip 
  

   had 
  it 
  that 
  temples 
  with 
  horrible 
  sculptured 
  designs 
  were 
  hidden 
  in 
  

   the 
  bush, 
  but 
  these 
  have 
  not 
  yet 
  been 
  found. 
  

  

  THE 
  TUMBEZ 
  

  

  The 
  Tumbez 
  (Tumpi) 
  lived 
  on 
  the 
  southern 
  coast 
  of 
  the 
  Gulf 
  of 
  

   Guayaquil 
  and 
  south 
  to 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  Chira 
  River. 
  They 
  were 
  

   conquered 
  relatively 
  early 
  by 
  the 
  Inca, 
  so 
  that 
  by 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  Span- 
  

   ish 
  Conquest 
  it 
  was 
  difficult 
  to 
  distinguish 
  the 
  aboriginal 
  structure 
  

   under 
  the 
  Peruvian 
  overlay. 
  According 
  to 
  Inca 
  tradition, 
  the 
  Tumbez 
  

   had 
  been 
  naked 
  cannibals 
  before 
  their 
  incorporation 
  into 
  the 
  Empire, 
  

   but 
  this 
  claim 
  seems 
  like 
  a 
  bit 
  of 
  mythology 
  in 
  the 
  making. 
  The 
  

   Tumbez 
  were 
  probably 
  related 
  to 
  their 
  archenemies, 
  the 
  Puna. 
  Ovi- 
  

   edo 
  described 
  their 
  clothes, 
  which 
  were 
  of 
  general 
  Coastal 
  type: 
  short 
  

   shirts 
  and 
  loincloths 
  for 
  men 
  and 
  long 
  skirts 
  for 
  the 
  women. 
  Every- 
  

   body 
  wore 
  many 
  rows 
  of 
  red 
  chaquira 
  beads. 
  

  

  THE 
  COLORADO 
  AND 
  CAYAPA 
  

  

  In 
  addition 
  to 
  these 
  Coastal 
  tribes, 
  the 
  western 
  lowlands 
  harbored 
  

   several 
  native 
  groups 
  of 
  " 
  lesser 
  understanding' 
  ' 
  who 
  lived 
  in 
  the 
  very 
  

   wet 
  country 
  between 
  the 
  Coast 
  and 
  the 
  mountains. 
  They 
  cultivated 
  

   maize, 
  aji, 
  cotton, 
  and 
  guavas, 
  which 
  they 
  frequently 
  traded 
  along 
  

   with 
  salt 
  and 
  fish 
  to 
  the 
  peoples 
  of 
  the 
  Highland. 
  Two 
  of 
  these 
  groups, 
  

   the 
  Cayapa 
  (Nigua) 
  and 
  the 
  Colorado 
  (Campaz), 
  are 
  the 
  only 
  lowland 
  

   aboriginal 
  groups 
  that 
  have 
  survived 
  to 
  the 
  present 
  day 
  in 
  their 
  jungle 
  

   retreat. 
  They 
  will 
  be 
  discussed 
  in 
  the 
  Handbook, 
  Volume 
  4. 
  

  

  THE 
  MALABA 
  

  

  The 
  Malaba 
  lived 
  in 
  the 
  18th 
  century 
  in 
  the 
  valley 
  of 
  the 
  Mataje 
  

   River 
  in 
  northernmost 
  Ecuador. 
  In 
  the 
  17th 
  century, 
  they 
  had 
  lived 
  

   in 
  Esmeraldas 
  but 
  had 
  run 
  away 
  from 
  Spanish 
  domination. 
  Their 
  re- 
  

   lationship 
  to 
  the 
  Esmeralda 
  is 
  not 
  known. 
  According 
  to 
  their 
  trad- 
  

   itions, 
  which 
  were 
  collected 
  by 
  Stevenson 
  (1826), 
  they 
  were 
  descended 
  

   from 
  a 
  Puruhd 
  (Puncay) 
  group 
  in 
  the 
  Highland. 
  We 
  have 
  no 
  infor- 
  

   mation 
  about 
  their 
  present 
  whereabouts 
  or 
  condition. 
  

  

  THE 
  YUMBO 
  

  

  The 
  Yumbo 
  were 
  a 
  Panzaleo 
  group 
  who 
  lived 
  on 
  the 
  western 
  decline 
  

   of 
  the 
  Andes 
  (pi. 
  166, 
  bottom, 
  right). 
  Their 
  most 
  important 
  settle- 
  

  

  