﻿Vol.2] 
  TRIBES 
  OF 
  ECUADOR 
  — 
  MURRA 
  821 
  

  

  derives 
  the 
  people 
  from 
  a 
  local 
  volcano, 
  in 
  the 
  bad 
  omen 
  character 
  of 
  

   the 
  rainbow, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  curing 
  effect 
  of 
  extracting 
  disease-causing 
  

   worms 
  from 
  the 
  neck 
  of 
  the 
  patient 
  through 
  incantations 
  and 
  magical 
  

   formulae. 
  Catholic 
  observances, 
  such 
  as 
  baptism 
  and 
  Mass, 
  and 
  

   Christian 
  beliefs, 
  such 
  as 
  heaven 
  as 
  a 
  reward 
  for 
  good 
  conduct, 
  have 
  

   been 
  smoothly 
  incorporated 
  into 
  native 
  life 
  and 
  coexist 
  efficiently 
  in 
  

   native 
  thinking. 
  

  

  A 
  feature 
  of 
  Indian 
  Catholicism 
  which 
  has 
  frequently 
  been 
  opposed 
  

   by 
  both 
  Church 
  and 
  State 
  is 
  the 
  cargos. 
  Each 
  able-bodied 
  male 
  

   Indian 
  is 
  expected 
  at 
  some 
  time 
  during 
  his 
  twenties 
  to 
  assume 
  the 
  

   responsibility 
  of 
  giving 
  a 
  large 
  fiesta 
  in 
  the 
  honor 
  of 
  a 
  saint, 
  to 
  which 
  

   all 
  members 
  of 
  his 
  settlement 
  are 
  invited. 
  Fireworks, 
  street 
  proces- 
  

   sions, 
  drunkenness, 
  and 
  dancing 
  are 
  integral 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  procedure. 
  

   A 
  man 
  who 
  has 
  not 
  yet 
  assumed 
  this 
  responsibility 
  is 
  not 
  considered 
  

   a 
  full-fledged 
  adult. 
  It 
  has 
  been 
  suggested 
  with 
  some 
  justification 
  

   that 
  the 
  cargo 
  is 
  a 
  remnant 
  of 
  an 
  extinct 
  social 
  and 
  religious 
  hierarchi- 
  

   cal 
  organization, 
  such 
  as 
  can 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  cofradias 
  of 
  Highland 
  

   Guatemala. 
  In 
  such 
  a 
  case, 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  very 
  hardy 
  and 
  well-integrated 
  

   remnant. 
  Repeated 
  attempts 
  have 
  been 
  made 
  to 
  eliminate 
  it, 
  because 
  

   it 
  makes 
  the 
  beneficiary 
  incur 
  large 
  debts 
  in 
  an 
  effort 
  to 
  sponsor 
  a 
  

   worthy 
  ceremony 
  and 
  encourages 
  wholesale 
  drunkenness. 
  In 
  1904, 
  

   Archbishop 
  Gonzalez 
  Suarez 
  prohibited 
  the 
  clergy's 
  participation 
  

   in 
  the 
  proceedings, 
  but 
  this 
  did 
  not 
  deter 
  the 
  Indians 
  from 
  con- 
  

   tinuing 
  to 
  carry 
  out 
  an 
  important 
  initiation 
  ceremony. 
  

  

  BIBLIOGRAPHY 
  

  

  Anon., 
  1868; 
  Barrett, 
  1925; 
  Basurco, 
  1894; 
  Baudin,1928; 
  Beuchat 
  and 
  Rivet, 
  1907, 
  

   1910; 
  Borja, 
  1923; 
  Buchwald, 
  1908, 
  1909, 
  1918, 
  1921, 
  1924; 
  Cabellode 
  Balboa, 
  1920, 
  

   1941-42; 
  Cieza 
  de 
  Le6n, 
  1932; 
  Cordero 
  Palacios, 
  1924; 
  Cuadra, 
  1937; 
  Dissel- 
  

   hoff, 
  1940; 
  Garces, 
  J. 
  A., 
  1934-37, 
  1937 
  a, 
  1937 
  b, 
  1938, 
  1941; 
  Garc&>, 
  V. 
  G., 
  1932, 
  

   1942; 
  Garcia 
  Ortiz, 
  1934, 
  1942; 
  Gillin, 
  1936; 
  Gonzalez 
  Suarez, 
  1878, 
  1890-1903; 
  

   Grijalva, 
  1921, 
  1937; 
  Guzman, 
  1920; 
  Hagen, 
  1939; 
  Heimann, 
  1931-32; 
  Heuzey, 
  

   1870; 
  Jaramillo 
  Alvarado, 
  1937; 
  Jerez, 
  1918; 
  Jij6n 
  y 
  Caamano, 
  1919 
  a, 
  1919 
  b, 
  

   1936-38, 
  1940-41; 
  Karsten, 
  1920, 
  1924; 
  Le 
  Gouhir, 
  1923-24, 
  1939-40; 
  Loor, 
  n.d.; 
  

   Means, 
  1928, 
  1931, 
  1932; 
  Moncayo, 
  1923; 
  Monsalvo 
  Pozo, 
  1942; 
  Moreno 
  Mora, 
  

   1922; 
  Navarro, 
  1940, 
  1941; 
  Oviedo 
  y 
  Valdez, 
  1851-55; 
  Parsons, 
  1944; 
  Paz 
  y 
  Mifio, 
  

   1936, 
  1940-42; 
  Quevedo, 
  1938; 
  Relaciones 
  geograficas 
  de 
  Indias, 
  1881-97; 
  Rivet, 
  

   1903, 
  1904, 
  1905, 
  1906 
  a, 
  1906 
  b, 
  1924, 
  1926 
  b; 
  Rumazo 
  Gonzalez, 
  1934 
  a, 
  1934 
  b; 
  

   Saenz, 
  1933; 
  Samanos, 
  1884; 
  Sarmiento 
  de 
  Gamboa, 
  1906; 
  Saville, 
  1924 
  b; 
  Seler, 
  

   1885, 
  1902 
  a, 
  1902 
  b; 
  Stevenson, 
  1826; 
  Suarez, 
  1942; 
  Torres, 
  1930; 
  Torres 
  de 
  

   Mendoza, 
  1868; 
  Uhle, 
  1890, 
  1926, 
  1928 
  a; 
  Vazquez 
  de 
  Espinosa, 
  1942; 
  Velasco, 
  

   1841-44; 
  Verneau 
  and 
  Rivet, 
  1912-22; 
  Vivanco, 
  1942; 
  Wilczynski, 
  1888; 
  Wolf, 
  

   1892. 
  

  

  