﻿828 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  of 
  any 
  kind 
  is 
  still 
  limited 
  to 
  the 
  area 
  of 
  San 
  Agustin 
  and 
  the 
  adjacent 
  

   region 
  of 
  Tierradentro. 
  Perhaps 
  wood 
  carving 
  was 
  substituted 
  in 
  

   northern 
  Colombia, 
  but 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  direct 
  evidence 
  of 
  this. 
  The 
  same 
  

   limitation 
  applies 
  to 
  stone 
  masonry, 
  which 
  the 
  Peruvian 
  and 
  Central 
  

   American 
  region 
  share 
  in 
  common, 
  since 
  building 
  with 
  stone 
  occurs 
  

   only 
  in 
  the 
  San 
  Agustin 
  and 
  Tairona 
  zones. 
  The 
  rare 
  circles 
  of 
  stone 
  

   uprights 
  in 
  the 
  Chibcha 
  zone 
  could 
  hardly 
  be 
  classed 
  as 
  masonry. 
  The 
  

   shaft-and-chamber 
  graves 
  are 
  sometimes 
  considered 
  as 
  a 
  characteristic 
  

   of 
  Colombian 
  archeology 
  as 
  a 
  whole, 
  but 
  their 
  actual 
  distribution 
  is 
  

   restricted 
  to 
  the 
  Tierradentro, 
  Nariflo, 
  Upper 
  Cauca, 
  and 
  Quimbaya 
  

   zones. 
  This 
  is, 
  to 
  be 
  sure, 
  a 
  continuous 
  geographical 
  distribution 
  and 
  

   might 
  suggest 
  diffusion, 
  although 
  the 
  ceramic 
  styles 
  found 
  in 
  these 
  

   graves 
  differs 
  markedly 
  in 
  each 
  area. 
  

  

  Generalizations 
  about 
  ceramics 
  are 
  equally 
  difficult. 
  Ked 
  slip 
  and 
  

   incised 
  decoration 
  are 
  the 
  only 
  features 
  found 
  in 
  each 
  of 
  the 
  known 
  

   archeological 
  zones. 
  Tall 
  tripods 
  are 
  limited 
  to 
  San 
  Agustin; 
  mammi- 
  

   form 
  short 
  tripods 
  to 
  Quimbaya. 
  Tetrapod 
  vessels 
  are 
  found 
  only 
  in 
  

   Quimbaya 
  and 
  Tairona. 
  Two-color 
  negative 
  painting 
  is 
  found 
  in 
  

   San 
  Agustin, 
  Nariiio, 
  and 
  Quimbaya, 
  but 
  not 
  elsewhere. 
  The 
  three- 
  

   color 
  negative 
  painting, 
  frequently 
  called 
  a 
  Colombian 
  characteristic, 
  

   is 
  so 
  far 
  limited 
  to 
  Nariflo 
  and 
  Quimbaya. 
  Incised 
  lines 
  filled 
  with 
  

   white 
  paste 
  occur 
  in 
  the 
  ceramics 
  of 
  San 
  Agustin, 
  Tierradentro, 
  

   Chibcha, 
  and 
  Quimbaya, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  doubtful 
  if 
  any 
  historical 
  connection 
  

   is 
  thus 
  implied. 
  

  

  The 
  diversity 
  of 
  the 
  archeological 
  materials 
  causes 
  confusion 
  in 
  

   determining 
  any 
  extra-Colombian 
  affiliations. 
  Many 
  authors 
  see 
  

   strong 
  Central 
  American 
  influences 
  in 
  the 
  San 
  Agustin 
  stone 
  carvings, 
  

   although 
  none 
  occurs 
  elsewhere 
  in 
  the 
  country. 
  The 
  Tairona 
  culture 
  

   shares 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  feaures 
  with 
  Venezuelan 
  archeological 
  types, 
  but 
  

   there 
  is 
  no 
  evidence 
  of 
  an 
  actual 
  expansion 
  of 
  the 
  Tairona 
  culture 
  to 
  

   that 
  country. 
  

  

  The 
  possibility 
  of 
  Amazonian 
  affiliations 
  is 
  mentioned 
  in 
  the 
  

   description 
  of 
  several 
  styles. 
  Such 
  features 
  as 
  circular 
  houses, 
  four- 
  

   legged 
  stools, 
  secondary 
  urn 
  burial, 
  eOBgy 
  urns, 
  and 
  leg 
  ligatures 
  on 
  

   modeled 
  clay 
  figures, 
  are 
  all 
  suggestive 
  of 
  Amazonian 
  influence. 
  

   Probably 
  future 
  work 
  will 
  reveal 
  even 
  more 
  specific 
  connections. 
  

  

  The 
  Nariflo 
  zone 
  in 
  southern 
  Colombia 
  is 
  certainly 
  related 
  to 
  

   Ecuador. 
  At 
  least 
  the 
  typical 
  three-color 
  negative 
  painting 
  is 
  partic- 
  

   ularly 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  Ecuadorian 
  Tuncahuan 
  style. 
  Although 
  the 
  Inca 
  

   were 
  supposed 
  to 
  have 
  controlled 
  this 
  southern 
  border 
  of 
  Colombia, 
  

   their 
  influence 
  is 
  not 
  reflected 
  in 
  the 
  archeology. 
  

  

  San 
  Agustin 
  carving 
  is 
  frequently 
  compared 
  with 
  Chavin, 
  in 
  the 
  

   Peruvian 
  Highlands, 
  although 
  the 
  similarities 
  are 
  quite 
  generalized. 
  

   If, 
  however, 
  San 
  Agustin 
  is 
  compared 
  with 
  all 
  Early 
  Periods 
  in 
  North 
  

   Highland 
  Perti, 
  the 
  parallels 
  are 
  more 
  specific. 
  The 
  list 
  would 
  include 
  

  

  