﻿Vol.2] 
  ARCHEOLOGY 
  OF 
  COLOMBIA 
  — 
  BENNETT 
  839 
  

  

  and 
  round 
  hollow 
  bells, 
  bracelets, 
  solid 
  and 
  hollow 
  beads, 
  and 
  many 
  

   kinds 
  of 
  pins. 
  Gold 
  tweezers 
  served 
  for 
  depilatory 
  purposes. 
  The 
  

   large 
  hammered 
  masks 
  were 
  possibly 
  intended 
  for 
  faces 
  of 
  mummy 
  

   bundles. 
  Solid 
  gold 
  scepters 
  have 
  the 
  heads 
  decorated 
  with 
  cast 
  

   bird, 
  human, 
  and 
  animal 
  forms. 
  There 
  are 
  both 
  solid 
  and 
  hollow 
  

   figurines. 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  objects 
  are 
  made 
  of 
  several 
  pieces; 
  for 
  example, 
  

   half-moon 
  disks 
  are 
  pierced 
  and 
  attached 
  as 
  bangles 
  on 
  large 
  figurines. 
  

   This 
  skill 
  in 
  metallurgy 
  is 
  unmatched 
  in 
  Colombia, 
  and 
  many 
  authors 
  

   have 
  concluded 
  that 
  the 
  Quimbaya 
  region 
  was 
  a 
  primary 
  center 
  for 
  

   the 
  development 
  of 
  goldworking 
  techniques 
  in 
  the 
  Americas. 
  

  

  Ceramics. 
  — 
  Hundreds 
  of 
  examples 
  of 
  Quimbaya 
  ceramics 
  are 
  repre- 
  

   sented 
  in 
  the 
  public 
  and 
  private 
  collections. 
  In 
  spite 
  of 
  considerable 
  

   detailed 
  variation, 
  particularly 
  in 
  shape, 
  no 
  satisfactory 
  subdivisions 
  

   of 
  this 
  style 
  have 
  yet 
  been 
  established. 
  

  

  One 
  group 
  of 
  vessels 
  is 
  interesting 
  because 
  of 
  [the 
  so-called 
  Peruvian 
  

   influences 
  in 
  the 
  shapes 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  modeling. 
  This 
  group, 
  however, 
  

   cannot 
  be 
  isolated 
  clearly 
  from 
  the 
  remainder 
  of 
  the 
  collections, 
  and 
  

   must 
  be 
  considered 
  a 
  variant 
  within 
  the 
  Quimbaya 
  style 
  rather 
  than 
  

   trade 
  pieces. 
  Not 
  only 
  do 
  the 
  pieces 
  present 
  many 
  features 
  in 
  common 
  

   with 
  other 
  vessels 
  of 
  local 
  manufacture, 
  but 
  even 
  the 
  elements 
  of 
  

   Peruvian 
  influence 
  are 
  generalized 
  rather 
  than 
  specific. 
  Many 
  of 
  the 
  

   double 
  jars 
  are 
  included 
  in 
  this 
  category. 
  These 
  have 
  a 
  modeled 
  

   container 
  representing 
  a 
  human 
  figure, 
  an 
  animal, 
  or 
  a 
  bird 
  (fig. 
  94, 
  g), 
  

   connected 
  by 
  a 
  short 
  tube 
  and 
  a 
  bridge 
  to 
  a 
  plain 
  container. 
  Some 
  

   are 
  true 
  whistling 
  jars. 
  Double-spout 
  vessels 
  with 
  flat 
  connecting 
  

   bridges 
  are 
  similar 
  to 
  some 
  Peruvian 
  pieces 
  both 
  in 
  shape 
  and 
  in 
  

   modeling, 
  but 
  many 
  of 
  these 
  also 
  have 
  mammiform 
  tripod 
  or 
  tetrapod 
  

   legs, 
  which 
  is 
  a 
  distinctive 
  local 
  characteristic. 
  There 
  are 
  likewise 
  a 
  

   few 
  stirrup-spout 
  vessels, 
  although 
  their 
  resemblance 
  to 
  the 
  Peruvian 
  

   type 
  is 
  slight. 
  

  

  A 
  series 
  of 
  incised 
  and 
  polished 
  brown 
  ware 
  vessels 
  present 
  another 
  

   distinctive 
  style 
  (pi. 
  172, 
  d), 
  but 
  again 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  evidence 
  that 
  

   it 
  can 
  be 
  isolated 
  from 
  the 
  other 
  Quimbaya 
  material. 
  The 
  typical 
  

   shapes 
  are 
  globular 
  ollas, 
  double 
  open 
  bowls, 
  and, 
  most 
  characteristic 
  

   of 
  all, 
  tall 
  cylindrical 
  urns. 
  The 
  ware 
  is 
  thick, 
  highly 
  polished, 
  and 
  

   ornamented 
  with 
  geometric 
  incised 
  designs. 
  

  

  The 
  remaining 
  Quimbaya 
  vessels 
  can 
  be 
  summarized 
  in 
  terms 
  of 
  a 
  

   few 
  basic 
  shapes, 
  although 
  there 
  is 
  considerable 
  variation 
  within 
  

   these 
  categories. 
  Open 
  bowls 
  may 
  be 
  subdivided 
  on 
  the 
  basis 
  of 
  

   convex, 
  straight, 
  and 
  flaring 
  sides. 
  Some 
  are 
  carinated, 
  some 
  have 
  

   diamond-shaped 
  orifices, 
  and 
  flaring 
  pedestal 
  bases. 
  Tall-shoulder 
  

   jars 
  form 
  another 
  broad 
  category, 
  with 
  great 
  variation 
  in 
  the 
  type 
  of 
  

   collar, 
  even 
  including 
  some 
  with 
  modeled 
  faces. 
  Many 
  vessels 
  can 
  

   be 
  loosely 
  classified 
  as 
  ollas. 
  Some 
  of 
  these, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  other 
  vessels, 
  

   have 
  handles, 
  although 
  they 
  are 
  not 
  very 
  common. 
  There 
  are 
  also 
  

  

  