﻿852 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  B. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  arms 
  raised 
  upward, 
  the 
  hands 
  extended, 
  and 
  the 
  feet 
  turned 
  out 
  

   showing 
  the 
  five 
  toes, 
  are 
  found 
  especially 
  on 
  natural 
  rocks. 
  This 
  

   class 
  also 
  includes 
  such 
  animal 
  figures 
  as 
  frogs, 
  monkeys, 
  and 
  large 
  

   quadrupeds, 
  like 
  those 
  at 
  Alto 
  del 
  Tabl6n 
  above 
  the 
  Magdalena 
  

   River. 
  Other 
  examples 
  are 
  found 
  on 
  isolated 
  boulders 
  near 
  the 
  

   Tabl6n 
  River. 
  (3) 
  Some 
  stones, 
  which 
  are 
  worked 
  almost 
  to 
  a 
  

   cylindrical 
  shape, 
  and 
  bear 
  a 
  lightly 
  engraved 
  human 
  face 
  or 
  a 
  face 
  

   and 
  arms 
  — 
  one 
  extended 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  folded 
  over 
  the 
  body 
  with 
  the 
  

   fingers 
  outstretched 
  — 
  may 
  represent 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  three-dimen- 
  

   sional 
  sculpture. 
  (4) 
  A 
  large 
  number 
  of 
  statues 
  with 
  well-developed 
  

   carving 
  in 
  the 
  round, 
  accurate 
  lines, 
  and 
  use 
  of 
  various 
  planes, 
  forms 
  

   a 
  class 
  which 
  is 
  characterized 
  by 
  large 
  canine 
  teeth, 
  a 
  secondary 
  

   figure 
  ("alter 
  ego") 
  on 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  the 
  creature 
  represented, 
  

   and 
  some 
  very 
  realistic 
  figures, 
  such 
  as 
  warriors. 
  All 
  the 
  statues 
  

   show 
  great 
  movement. 
  This 
  is 
  the 
  classic 
  type 
  of 
  San 
  Agustin 
  

   sculpture. 
  (5) 
  Certain 
  statues 
  of 
  a 
  type 
  found 
  especially 
  in 
  Alto 
  

   de 
  las 
  Piedras, 
  toward 
  Saladoblanco 
  and 
  Moscopan, 
  form 
  a 
  group 
  

   characterized 
  by 
  extraordinary 
  realism 
  and 
  a 
  complete 
  mastery 
  of 
  

   the 
  art 
  of 
  carving. 
  These 
  seem 
  more 
  modern 
  but 
  show 
  decadence 
  in 
  

   that 
  the 
  fantastic 
  details 
  of 
  the 
  classic 
  type 
  are 
  lost. 
  There 
  is 
  no 
  

   stone 
  sculpture 
  in 
  San 
  Agustin 
  that 
  can 
  be 
  identified 
  with 
  any 
  later 
  

   periods. 
  

  

  The 
  human 
  body 
  is 
  represented 
  both 
  realistically 
  and 
  convention- 
  

   ally. 
  Specimens 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  have 
  large 
  canine 
  teeth 
  like 
  the 
  jaguar's, 
  

   and 
  often 
  a 
  mask 
  ending 
  in 
  a 
  trunk 
  or 
  a 
  rectangular 
  space, 
  in 
  which 
  

   the 
  eyes 
  and 
  mouth 
  are 
  hardly 
  a 
  slit 
  or 
  hollow. 
  The 
  head, 
  which 
  

   rises 
  directly 
  from 
  the 
  shoulders, 
  is 
  invariably 
  large, 
  and 
  the 
  limbs 
  

   are 
  in 
  low 
  relief. 
  Body 
  ornament 
  includes 
  abbreviated 
  loincloths, 
  

   skirts, 
  penis 
  cords, 
  necklaces, 
  ear 
  disks, 
  bracelets, 
  and 
  leg 
  bands. 
  

   Often 
  a 
  secondary 
  figure 
  or 
  face 
  is 
  found 
  on 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  head, 
  and 
  a 
  

   trophy 
  head 
  hangs 
  over 
  the 
  breast 
  or 
  a 
  waving 
  ribbon 
  falls 
  from 
  the 
  

   mouth, 
  ending 
  in 
  a 
  small 
  head. 
  Head 
  ornaments 
  include: 
  bands, 
  

   wreaths, 
  caps, 
  and 
  hats. 
  The 
  figures 
  commonly 
  hold 
  some 
  object 
  in 
  

   the 
  hands, 
  such 
  as 
  a 
  bat, 
  ball, 
  hammer, 
  or 
  staff. 
  The 
  basic 
  design 
  

   techniques 
  are 
  relief, 
  champleve", 
  and 
  incision. 
  Polychrome 
  painting 
  

   (black, 
  white, 
  red, 
  and 
  yellow) 
  is 
  still 
  visible 
  on 
  some 
  pieces 
  of 
  these 
  

   sculptures. 
  

  

  Toward 
  the 
  northeast 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  mountainous 
  region 
  of 
  Moscopan 
  

   as 
  well 
  as 
  in 
  Tierradentro 
  are 
  statues 
  which 
  have 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  charac- 
  

   teristics 
  of 
  the 
  San 
  Agustin 
  sculptures 
  but 
  differ 
  from 
  them 
  in 
  lacking 
  

   the 
  large 
  mouths 
  with 
  protruding 
  canine 
  teeth 
  and 
  in 
  having 
  noses 
  

   with 
  narrower 
  bases. 
  

  

  These 
  carved 
  stone 
  figures 
  apparently 
  served 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  functions. 
  

   Many 
  of 
  the 
  animal 
  and 
  human 
  figures 
  were 
  utilized 
  as 
  grave 
  markers, 
  

   since 
  excavation 
  below 
  them 
  has 
  encountered 
  the 
  tombs. 
  Others 
  

  

  