﻿856 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  pod 
  vessels 
  with 
  solid 
  legs 
  in 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  elongated, 
  slightly 
  bent 
  cones 
  ; 
  

   and 
  bowls 
  with 
  tall 
  pedestal-bases. 
  

  

  Some 
  of 
  these 
  vessels 
  seem 
  utilitarian 
  and 
  show 
  signs 
  of 
  wear 
  and 
  

   smoke 
  on 
  their 
  exteriors. 
  Others 
  are 
  better 
  finished 
  and 
  may 
  have 
  

   been 
  used 
  for 
  votive 
  offerings. 
  A 
  majority 
  of 
  the 
  vessels 
  are 
  mono- 
  

   chrome 
  brown, 
  red, 
  or 
  orange 
  without 
  further 
  decoration 
  (fig. 
  99, 
  a, 
  

   h, 
  j). 
  A 
  small 
  proportion 
  have 
  modeled 
  figures, 
  such 
  as 
  birds, 
  along 
  

   the 
  rims. 
  On 
  the 
  decorated 
  vessels, 
  incision 
  (fig. 
  99, 
  6, 
  d, 
  e) 
  and 
  punch 
  

   are 
  by 
  far 
  the 
  most 
  frequent 
  techniques, 
  and 
  the 
  incised 
  lines 
  are 
  

   sometimes 
  filled 
  with 
  a 
  white 
  paste. 
  Both 
  two-color 
  negative 
  and 
  

   two-color 
  positive 
  painting 
  occur, 
  and 
  coil 
  marks 
  may 
  be 
  left 
  as 
  an 
  

   ornamental 
  device. 
  The 
  designs 
  are 
  simple 
  geometric 
  patterns 
  such 
  

   as 
  triangles, 
  rows 
  of 
  dots, 
  parallel 
  lines, 
  and 
  superimposed 
  angles. 
  

  

  Except 
  for 
  ceramics, 
  clay 
  artifacts 
  are 
  rare. 
  Figurines 
  are 
  dubiously 
  

   associated. 
  Plain, 
  heavy 
  clay 
  spindle 
  whorls 
  are 
  fouad, 
  which 
  is 
  the 
  

   only 
  direct 
  evidence 
  of 
  weaving. 
  

  

  ORNAMENTS 
  

  

  Among 
  the 
  body 
  ornaments 
  of 
  the 
  ancient 
  inhabitants 
  of 
  the 
  San 
  

   Agustin 
  region, 
  archeological 
  excavations 
  have 
  produced 
  specimens 
  

   corresponding 
  to 
  the 
  necklaces, 
  bracelets, 
  ear 
  pendants, 
  and 
  crowns 
  

   shown 
  on 
  the 
  statues. 
  The 
  necklace 
  beads 
  are 
  of 
  hard 
  rock. 
  Some 
  

   are 
  flat 
  and 
  hexagonal, 
  and 
  crudely 
  made; 
  others 
  are 
  cylindrical, 
  

   with 
  a 
  notch 
  on 
  one 
  end 
  to 
  fasten 
  them; 
  and 
  still 
  others 
  are 
  tubular 
  

   or 
  pear-shaped, 
  with 
  an 
  opening 
  at 
  the 
  point. 
  Among 
  metal 
  orna- 
  

   ments 
  are 
  nose 
  pendants 
  cut 
  from 
  a 
  sheet 
  in 
  the 
  shape 
  of 
  a 
  crescent 
  

   moon, 
  and 
  ear 
  pendants 
  with 
  four-sided 
  wire 
  hoops 
  and 
  a 
  circular 
  

   plaque 
  of 
  gold 
  leaf. 
  In 
  Tierradentro 
  are 
  necklaces 
  of 
  gold 
  leaf 
  formed 
  

   of 
  bands 
  and 
  circular 
  plaques, 
  necklace 
  beads 
  of 
  leaf 
  that 
  had 
  been 
  

   hammered 
  and 
  twisted 
  in 
  the 
  shape 
  of 
  small 
  zoomorphic 
  heads, 
  and 
  

   a 
  little 
  repousse" 
  mask 
  with 
  features 
  like 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  statues 
  from 
  San 
  

   Agustin 
  and 
  vaguely 
  similar 
  to 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  motifs 
  in 
  Chavin, 
  Peru. 
  

  

  WEAPONS 
  

  

  Some 
  of 
  the 
  polished 
  stone 
  axes 
  could 
  have 
  been 
  offensive 
  weapons. 
  

  

  Two 
  stone 
  war 
  clubs 
  very 
  similar 
  to 
  those 
  shown 
  on 
  the 
  statues 
  of 
  

  

  warriors 
  were 
  also 
  found. 
  These 
  were 
  short, 
  tapered 
  toward 
  the 
  

  

  handle, 
  and 
  had 
  a 
  human 
  nose 
  or 
  face 
  in 
  relief. 
  Shields 
  are 
  also 
  

  

  shown 
  on 
  the 
  statues, 
  but 
  have 
  not 
  been 
  found 
  archeologically, 
  

  

  possibly 
  because, 
  being 
  of 
  wood, 
  they 
  have 
  decayed. 
  Also 
  found 
  

  

  are 
  spears, 
  and 
  round 
  stones 
  of 
  various 
  sizes 
  which 
  were 
  thrown 
  by 
  

  

  hand. 
  

  

  TIERRADENTRO 
  

  

  The 
  area 
  of 
  Tierradentro, 
  centered 
  around 
  the 
  town 
  of 
  Inza 
  in 
  the 
  

   the 
  Department 
  of 
  Cauca, 
  has 
  many 
  archeological 
  remains 
  of 
  typical 
  

  

  