﻿Vol.2] 
  TRIBES 
  OF 
  SIERRA 
  NEVADA 
  — 
  PARK 
  869 
  

  

  Hacha 
  roughly 
  corresponds 
  to 
  the 
  recent 
  habitat 
  of 
  the 
  Cdgaba, 
  and 
  

   San 
  Sebastian 
  is 
  where 
  the 
  lea 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  found 
  today. 
  

  

  The 
  habitats 
  of 
  the 
  Cdgaba 
  8 
  and 
  the 
  lea 
  9 
  can 
  be 
  determined 
  with 
  

   a 
  reasonable 
  degree 
  of 
  certainty 
  from 
  De 
  la 
  Kosa 
  and 
  several 
  other 
  

   sources. 
  In 
  the 
  17th 
  and 
  18th 
  centuries, 
  the 
  Cdgaba 
  occupied 
  the 
  

   northern 
  and 
  eastern 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  mountains, 
  extending 
  southeast 
  to 
  

   the 
  upper 
  Rio 
  Guatapuri. 
  Preuss 
  (1919-26, 
  p. 
  37) 
  recorded 
  myths 
  

   and 
  traditions 
  which 
  indicate 
  that 
  the 
  Cdgaba 
  have 
  long 
  regarded 
  

   Marmaronqui 
  near 
  Marocosa 
  on 
  the 
  upper 
  Rio 
  Rancheria 
  as 
  the 
  site 
  

   of 
  an 
  important 
  cansamaria 
  (temple 
  and 
  club 
  house). 
  In 
  the 
  late 
  

   18th 
  or 
  early 
  19th 
  century, 
  they 
  established 
  a 
  village 
  and 
  cultivations 
  

   on 
  the 
  upper 
  Rio 
  Frio. 
  The 
  lea 
  have 
  traditionally 
  lived 
  in 
  the 
  Valley 
  

   of 
  San 
  Sebastian, 
  on 
  the 
  upper 
  Rio 
  Fundaci6n, 
  on 
  the 
  Rio 
  Templado, 
  

   and 
  to 
  the 
  east 
  in 
  the 
  country 
  west 
  of 
  Atanquez. 
  

  

  The 
  present 
  tribal 
  territories 
  of 
  these 
  groups 
  have 
  not, 
  however, 
  

   remained 
  the 
  same 
  throughout 
  the 
  period 
  of 
  contact 
  with 
  Whites 
  and 
  

   mulattoes. 
  The 
  Cdgaba 
  have 
  been 
  withdrawing 
  over 
  a 
  period 
  of 
  sev- 
  

   eral 
  hundred 
  years 
  into 
  the 
  more 
  inaccessible 
  regions 
  of 
  the 
  mountains. 
  

   A 
  similar 
  movement 
  of 
  the 
  Buntigwa, 
  who 
  formerly 
  occupied 
  the 
  pres- 
  

   ent 
  site 
  of 
  the 
  village 
  of 
  Atanquez 
  and 
  the 
  surrounding 
  territory, 
  has 
  

   been 
  recorded 
  in 
  field 
  work. 
  Numbers 
  of 
  the 
  lea 
  have 
  also 
  left, 
  at 
  

   least 
  temporarily, 
  their 
  former 
  village 
  of 
  San 
  Sebastian 
  to 
  retreat 
  into 
  

   the 
  mountains 
  in 
  the 
  face 
  of 
  missionary 
  encroachment 
  (Knowlton, 
  

   1944, 
  p. 
  263). 
  All 
  these 
  shifts, 
  however, 
  have 
  not 
  been 
  a 
  movement 
  

   to 
  a 
  new 
  habitat, 
  but 
  only 
  a 
  retreat 
  to 
  the 
  more 
  inaccessible 
  portions 
  

   of 
  the 
  old 
  tribal 
  territory. 
  

  

  The 
  other 
  so-called 
  Arhuaco 
  tribes 
  are 
  less 
  precisely 
  identified. 
  The 
  

   Buntigwa 
  (Busintana) 
  living 
  south 
  of 
  San 
  Jose, 
  on 
  the 
  upper 
  Rio 
  

   Donachui 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  region 
  of 
  the 
  present 
  town 
  of 
  Atanquez, 
  are 
  

   doubtless 
  the 
  Antanque 
  of 
  Celedon 
  (1892 
  a). 
  The 
  Sanha, 
  infrequently 
  

   mentioned 
  by 
  Celedon 
  and 
  Bolinder, 
  appear 
  to 
  have 
  occupied 
  a 
  small 
  

   territory 
  northwest 
  of 
  the 
  Buntigwa 
  and 
  adjacent 
  to 
  the 
  Cdgaba 
  on 
  the 
  

   headwaters 
  of 
  the 
  Rio 
  Cesar. 
  

  

  Turning 
  to 
  the 
  tribes 
  with 
  more 
  highly 
  developed 
  cultures 
  living 
  

   on 
  the 
  Coast 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  foothills 
  of 
  the 
  Sierra 
  Nevada 
  at 
  the 
  begin- 
  

   ning 
  of 
  the 
  Period 
  of 
  the 
  conquest, 
  tribal 
  names 
  and 
  locations 
  are 
  even 
  

   more 
  confused 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  the 
  upland 
  dwellers. 
  The 
  Tairona, 
  

   the 
  group 
  most 
  widely 
  mentioned 
  in 
  the 
  literature, 
  inhabited 
  the 
  

   Coast 
  and 
  foothills 
  to 
  the 
  east 
  of 
  Santa 
  Marta, 
  certainly 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  the 
  

   Rio 
  Don 
  Diego, 
  and 
  probably 
  their 
  territory 
  extended 
  still 
  farther 
  

   east 
  to 
  the 
  neighborhood 
  of 
  Dibulla. 
  Inland, 
  remains 
  of 
  what 
  was 
  

  

  » 
  The 
  Kagaba 
  of 
  Preuss 
  and 
  other 
  recent 
  writers, 
  the 
  Arhouaques-Kaggaba 
  of 
  De 
  Brettes 
  (1903), 
  and 
  the 
  

   Koggaba 
  of 
  Celedon 
  (1886) 
  are 
  reproduced 
  here 
  as 
  Cdgaba 
  in 
  conformity 
  with 
  the 
  phonetic 
  system 
  adopted 
  

   for 
  this 
  volume. 
  

  

  • 
  The 
  Ijca 
  of 
  Bolinder 
  and 
  the 
  Bintukua 
  of 
  Celedon 
  (1892 
  b)and 
  De 
  Brettes 
  we 
  give 
  as 
  lea, 
  which 
  conforms 
  

   to 
  the 
  phonetics 
  adopted 
  for 
  this 
  volume 
  and 
  is, 
  therefore, 
  preferred 
  to 
  the 
  Iku 
  of 
  Knowlton. 
  

  

  