﻿884 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  RECREATIONAL 
  ACTIVITIES 
  

  

  Games. 
  — 
  Games 
  are 
  unknown 
  to 
  the 
  Indians 
  of 
  the 
  Sierra 
  Nevada. 
  

   Organized 
  community 
  activities 
  center 
  around 
  work 
  gangs 
  to 
  build 
  

   and 
  repair 
  bridges, 
  trails, 
  and 
  houses, 
  or 
  to 
  conduct 
  communal 
  drink- 
  

   ing 
  bouts. 
  Even 
  children 
  do 
  not 
  have 
  games, 
  but 
  eagerly 
  and 
  enthusi- 
  

   astically 
  participate 
  in 
  the 
  activities 
  of 
  the 
  adults. 
  The 
  principal 
  

   toy 
  is 
  the 
  bow, 
  but 
  this 
  is 
  employed 
  in 
  hunting 
  birds. 
  

  

  Gambling 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  reported 
  for 
  the 
  tribes 
  of 
  this 
  region. 
  

  

  Dances. 
  — 
  Dances 
  are 
  for 
  the 
  most 
  part 
  religious, 
  but 
  some 
  dancing 
  

   has 
  come 
  to 
  have 
  a 
  place 
  in 
  the 
  purely 
  secular 
  community 
  drinking 
  

   sprees. 
  Dancing 
  on 
  these 
  occasions 
  is 
  similar 
  to 
  the 
  ceremonial 
  

   dances. 
  Men 
  and 
  women 
  dance 
  separately, 
  but 
  men 
  play 
  the 
  flutes 
  

   for 
  the 
  women's 
  dances. 
  

  

  Musical 
  instruments. 
  — 
  Musical 
  instruments 
  include 
  drums, 
  flutes, 
  

   trumpets, 
  and 
  rattles. 
  For 
  secular 
  dancing, 
  men 
  use 
  a 
  drum 
  with 
  

   two 
  membranes 
  patterned 
  on 
  the 
  European 
  instrument. 
  For 
  reli- 
  

   gious 
  rites, 
  a 
  large 
  wooden 
  drum, 
  composed 
  of 
  an 
  upright 
  cylinder 
  

   with 
  a 
  single 
  membrane, 
  is 
  used. 
  Gourd 
  rattles 
  are 
  suspended 
  from 
  

   the 
  last 
  pegs 
  holding 
  the 
  membrane. 
  (See 
  Preuss, 
  1919-26, 
  fig. 
  18, 
  

   and 
  Bolinder, 
  1925, 
  pi. 
  24.) 
  

  

  Flutes 
  made 
  of 
  cane 
  are 
  used 
  in 
  pairs, 
  one 
  with 
  five 
  spaced 
  holes 
  

   (the 
  female) 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  with 
  a 
  single 
  hole 
  (the 
  male), 
  by 
  the 
  musi- 
  

   cian 
  who 
  uses 
  the 
  gourd 
  rattle. 
  The 
  mouthpiece 
  is 
  of 
  beeswax 
  shaped 
  

   to 
  resemble 
  a 
  bird. 
  The 
  reed 
  is 
  made 
  from 
  the 
  quill 
  of 
  a 
  turkey 
  

   feather. 
  

  

  Trumpets 
  are 
  made 
  from 
  long-necked 
  gourds. 
  

  

  Women 
  use 
  a 
  small 
  single-headed 
  drum 
  with 
  the 
  membrane 
  held 
  

   taut 
  by 
  pegs 
  on 
  the 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  cylinder. 
  This 
  type 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  

   upright 
  cansamaria 
  drum 
  with 
  suspended 
  rattles 
  bears 
  strong 
  resem- 
  

   blance 
  to 
  West 
  African 
  instruments. 
  

  

  Narcotics. 
  — 
  Coca 
  chewed 
  with 
  lime 
  is 
  the 
  principal 
  narcotic. 
  Men 
  

   carry 
  toasted 
  coca 
  leaves 
  in 
  a 
  small 
  bag 
  (mochila), 
  and 
  the 
  lime 
  con- 
  

   tainer 
  (poporo) 
  is 
  a 
  small 
  symmetrical 
  gourd 
  with 
  a 
  short 
  neck. 
  A 
  

   stick 
  carried 
  in 
  the 
  poporo 
  is 
  used 
  to 
  put 
  a 
  small 
  quantity 
  of 
  lime 
  in 
  

   the 
  mouth. 
  The 
  stick 
  is 
  then 
  rubbed 
  on 
  the 
  neck 
  of 
  the 
  gourd, 
  

   building 
  in 
  time 
  a 
  thick 
  rim 
  around 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  poporo. 
  Men 
  chew 
  

   coca 
  continuously 
  during 
  waking 
  hours. 
  

  

  Tobacco 
  is 
  used 
  only 
  by 
  boiling 
  the 
  leaves 
  down 
  into 
  a 
  black 
  sticky 
  

   substance 
  which 
  is 
  carried 
  in 
  a 
  small 
  tube-shaped 
  gourd 
  with 
  another 
  

   gourd 
  (ambil) 
  of 
  approximately 
  the 
  same 
  size 
  fitted 
  over 
  the 
  end 
  as 
  

   a 
  cover. 
  Tobacco 
  in 
  this 
  form 
  is 
  rubbed 
  on 
  the 
  gums 
  while 
  chewing 
  

   coca. 
  Women 
  use 
  neither 
  coca 
  nor 
  tobacco. 
  

  

  Intoxicants. 
  — 
  Cane 
  juice, 
  yuca, 
  maize, 
  and 
  one 
  variety 
  of 
  agave 
  are 
  

   fermented 
  and 
  consumed 
  in 
  quantities 
  when 
  the 
  community 
  assembles 
  

  

  