﻿Vol.2] 
  THE 
  CHIBCHA 
  — 
  KROEBER 
  891 
  

  

  be 
  tropical, 
  and 
  cultivation 
  is 
  increasingly 
  one 
  of 
  hill 
  slopes 
  or 
  stream 
  

   gorges. 
  

  

  However, 
  not 
  over 
  a 
  third 
  of 
  Chibeha 
  land 
  was 
  comprised 
  in 
  these 
  

   two 
  favored 
  drainages. 
  Nearly 
  half 
  of 
  the 
  Zipa's 
  domains, 
  and 
  much 
  

   the 
  greater 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  Zaque's, 
  lay 
  outside. 
  Much 
  of 
  this 
  outside 
  

   territory 
  had 
  somewhat 
  lower 
  elevation. 
  

  

  The 
  Zipa 
  realm 
  was 
  reckoned 
  as 
  consisting 
  of 
  six 
  political 
  districts 
  

   or 
  principalities, 
  each 
  under 
  a 
  native 
  chief 
  confirmed 
  by 
  the 
  Zipa, 
  or 
  

   a 
  relative 
  installed 
  by 
  him. 
  Of 
  these 
  six 
  districts, 
  only 
  two 
  and 
  a 
  

   half 
  lay 
  in 
  Bogota 
  River 
  valley: 
  Bacata-Muequeta, 
  Zipaquira, 
  and 
  

   the 
  western 
  part 
  of 
  Guatavita. 
  The 
  remainder 
  of 
  Guatavita 
  was 
  

   drained 
  by 
  the 
  Guavio 
  River, 
  which 
  flows 
  into 
  the 
  Upia 
  River 
  and, 
  as 
  the 
  

   Upia 
  into 
  the 
  Meta 
  River, 
  and 
  is 
  thus 
  in 
  Orinoco 
  instead 
  of 
  Magdalena 
  

   drainage. 
  In 
  this 
  area 
  Gacheta 
  lies 
  at 
  only 
  1,800 
  m. 
  (5,905 
  ft.). 
  To 
  

   the 
  south 
  of 
  Guatavita, 
  the 
  principality 
  of 
  Ubaque, 
  with 
  Choachi, 
  

   Ubaque, 
  and 
  Caqueza 
  at 
  respectively 
  1,910, 
  1,870, 
  and 
  1,750 
  m. 
  

   (6,266, 
  6,135, 
  and 
  5,741 
  ft.) 
  elevations, 
  was 
  in 
  the 
  drainage 
  of 
  the 
  Rio 
  

   Blanco, 
  which 
  becomes 
  the 
  Rio 
  Negro, 
  and 
  ends 
  as 
  a 
  southern 
  affluent 
  

   of 
  the 
  Meta 
  River. 
  West 
  of 
  Ubaque 
  and 
  south 
  of 
  Bacata 
  was 
  the 
  

   small 
  district 
  of 
  Fusagasuga, 
  1,750 
  m. 
  (5,741 
  ft.) 
  elevation, 
  on 
  a 
  river 
  

   of 
  the 
  same 
  name 
  which 
  enters 
  the 
  Magdalena 
  River, 
  but 
  directly, 
  a 
  

   short 
  distance 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  Bogota. 
  Finally, 
  in 
  the 
  northwest 
  corner 
  

   of 
  the 
  Zipa 
  dominions 
  was 
  Ubate, 
  2,600 
  m. 
  (8,530 
  ft.) 
  elevation, 
  on 
  

   the 
  headwaters 
  of 
  the 
  Suarez, 
  which 
  flows 
  due 
  north, 
  parallel 
  with 
  

   the 
  Magdalena 
  River, 
  to 
  join 
  the 
  Chicamocha 
  River. 
  With 
  the 
  ex- 
  

   ception 
  of 
  this 
  small 
  district, 
  all 
  those 
  not 
  draining 
  into 
  the 
  Bogota 
  

   lie 
  600 
  m. 
  (about 
  2,000 
  ft.) 
  and 
  more 
  lower, 
  or 
  at 
  around 
  6,000 
  feet 
  

   (1,800 
  m.) 
  instead 
  of 
  above 
  8,000 
  (about 
  2,400 
  m.). 
  

  

  The 
  Zaque's 
  domain 
  did 
  not 
  extend 
  far 
  down 
  the 
  Chicamocha 
  

   River, 
  because 
  independent 
  Tundama 
  and 
  Sugamuxi, 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  

   and 
  south 
  respectively 
  of 
  that 
  river, 
  were 
  only 
  some 
  40 
  or 
  so 
  km. 
  

   (perhaps 
  25 
  mi.) 
  distant 
  from 
  the 
  capital 
  Hunsa 
  (Tunja). 
  The 
  main 
  

   territory 
  subordinate 
  to 
  the 
  Zaque 
  was 
  in 
  Upia-Meta-Orinoco 
  drain- 
  

   age, 
  southeastward 
  from 
  Hunsa. 
  The 
  Boyaca-Bata-Garagoa 
  River, 
  

   an 
  affluent 
  of 
  this 
  system, 
  in 
  fact 
  rises 
  between 
  the 
  Chicamocha 
  and 
  

   the 
  Bogota 
  Rivers, 
  whose 
  heads 
  are 
  separated 
  by 
  a 
  very 
  few 
  leagues, 
  

   say 
  15 
  km. 
  (9 
  mi.). 
  In 
  this 
  captured 
  wedge 
  was 
  Boyaca, 
  just 
  south 
  

   of 
  Hunsa; 
  downstream 
  were 
  Ramiriqui, 
  2,435 
  m. 
  (7,988 
  ft.) 
  elevation, 
  

   and 
  Turmeque, 
  2,404 
  m. 
  (7,887 
  ft.) 
  elevation. 
  On 
  an 
  affluent 
  from 
  

   the 
  west 
  was 
  Macheta, 
  not 
  more 
  than 
  10 
  km. 
  (6 
  mi.) 
  from 
  Choconta 
  

   on 
  the 
  Bogota 
  River, 
  but 
  520 
  m. 
  (1,706 
  ft.) 
  lower, 
  at 
  2,165 
  m. 
  (7,103 
  

   ft.) 
  as 
  against 
  2,685 
  m. 
  (8,809 
  ft.) 
  elevation. 
  

  

  This 
  spot, 
  Boyaca 
  — 
  famous 
  also 
  for 
  Bolivar's 
  victory 
  of 
  1819 
  — 
  at 
  

   the 
  head 
  of 
  an 
  Orinoco 
  tributary, 
  and 
  between 
  the 
  sources 
  of 
  the 
  

   Bogota 
  and 
  Chicamocha 
  Rivers, 
  which 
  traverse 
  the 
  Chibeha 
  "crown- 
  

  

  