﻿Vol.2] 
  THE 
  CHIBCHA 
  — 
  KROEBER 
  895 
  

  

  Saguan-machica, 
  having 
  been 
  heir-apparent 
  at 
  Chia, 
  became 
  Zipa 
  

   at 
  Muequeta-Bacata. 
  With 
  the 
  aid 
  of 
  his 
  vassal 
  of 
  Pasca, 
  on 
  the 
  

   southern 
  frontier, 
  he 
  attacked 
  Fusagasuga 
  and 
  Tibacuy, 
  who 
  were 
  

   defeated 
  and 
  submitted. 
  He 
  was 
  then 
  attacked 
  by 
  Guatavita, 
  allied 
  

   with 
  Tunja, 
  but 
  repelled 
  them. 
  The 
  ruler 
  of 
  Ubaque 
  to 
  the 
  southeast 
  

   attacked 
  Pasca 
  and 
  Usme, 
  but 
  his 
  own 
  districts 
  of 
  Chipaque 
  and 
  Une 
  

   were 
  ravaged 
  and 
  he 
  had 
  to 
  flee. 
  An 
  invasion 
  by 
  the 
  foreign 
  Panches 
  

   followed, 
  but 
  they 
  were 
  beaten 
  off 
  and 
  subdued 
  after 
  some 
  years. 
  

   Finally, 
  with 
  aid 
  from 
  Sop6, 
  Saguan-machica 
  marched 
  against 
  Tunja, 
  

   and 
  beyond 
  Choconta 
  a 
  great 
  battle 
  was 
  fought, 
  in 
  which 
  both 
  the 
  

   Zipa 
  and 
  the 
  Zaque 
  were 
  killed. 
  

  

  Nemequene 
  succeeded 
  at 
  Bacata, 
  and 
  Quemuenchatocha 
  at 
  Tunja. 
  

   Nemequene 
  turned 
  to 
  repel 
  the 
  Panche, 
  while 
  he 
  seat 
  his 
  nephew 
  and 
  

   successor 
  Tisquesusa 
  from 
  Chia 
  to 
  subdue 
  revolted 
  Fusagasuga 
  and 
  

   Tibacuy. 
  Zipaquira 
  and 
  Nemocon 
  invaded 
  from 
  the 
  north, 
  but 
  were 
  

   driven 
  out 
  and 
  themselves 
  occupied. 
  Next, 
  he 
  conquered 
  the 
  realm 
  

   of 
  Guatavita 
  in 
  a 
  surprise 
  attack, 
  having 
  persuaded 
  Guatavita's 
  

   frontier 
  vassal 
  at 
  Guasca 
  to 
  join 
  him. 
  He 
  installed 
  his 
  brother 
  as 
  

   governor 
  at 
  Guatavita. 
  A 
  campaign 
  southeast 
  against 
  Ubaque 
  

   followed, 
  whose 
  ruler 
  submitted, 
  giving 
  two 
  daughters 
  as 
  wives 
  to 
  

   Nemequene 
  and 
  his 
  brother; 
  and 
  another 
  to 
  the 
  north, 
  against 
  Susa, 
  

   Ebate, 
  and 
  Simijaca 
  on 
  the 
  headwaters 
  of 
  the 
  Suarez 
  River, 
  whose 
  

   rulers 
  were 
  also 
  forced 
  to 
  submit, 
  and 
  became 
  vassals 
  of 
  the 
  brother 
  

   at 
  Guatavita. 
  This 
  brother 
  was 
  killed 
  in 
  a 
  surprise 
  attack 
  on 
  the 
  

   treasure 
  of 
  Ubaque. 
  Finally, 
  Nemequene 
  turned, 
  like 
  his 
  predecessor, 
  

   against 
  the 
  Zaque, 
  who 
  was 
  reenforced 
  by 
  the 
  Iraca. 
  A 
  battle 
  was 
  

   fought 
  in 
  the 
  Turmeque 
  region, 
  in 
  which 
  Nemequene 
  was 
  wounded 
  

   while 
  in 
  his 
  litter. 
  His 
  army 
  fled, 
  but 
  was 
  pursued 
  only 
  to 
  Choconta. 
  

   Nemequene 
  died 
  5 
  days 
  after 
  being 
  carried 
  home. 
  

  

  His 
  nephew 
  Tisquesusa 
  succeeded. 
  His 
  general 
  Saquesaxigua 
  was 
  

   sent 
  to 
  invade 
  Macheta, 
  Tibirita, 
  and 
  Tensa 
  in 
  the 
  southern 
  dominions 
  

   of 
  the 
  Zaque, 
  in 
  Somondoco-Garogoa 
  drainage, 
  and 
  exacted 
  war- 
  

   tribute, 
  but 
  seems 
  not 
  to 
  have 
  achieved 
  a 
  permanent 
  conquest. 
  

   Preparations 
  were 
  on 
  foot 
  for 
  another 
  great 
  war 
  against 
  the 
  Zaque 
  

   when 
  the 
  Spaniards 
  arrived. 
  

  

  This 
  short 
  span 
  of 
  perhaps 
  60 
  years 
  is 
  as 
  far 
  back 
  as 
  Chibcha 
  histor- 
  

   ical 
  memory 
  reached. 
  

  

  The 
  Spanish 
  Conquest. 
  — 
  Chibcha 
  resistance 
  to 
  the 
  Spaniards 
  was 
  

   piecemeal 
  and 
  ineffectual. 
  There 
  was 
  no 
  defense 
  of 
  capitals, 
  and 
  no 
  

   major 
  battles 
  were 
  fought. 
  Jimenez 
  de 
  Quesada 
  in 
  1536 
  pushed 
  up 
  

   the 
  Magdalena 
  River, 
  apparently 
  without 
  knowledge 
  of 
  the 
  existence 
  

   of 
  the 
  Chibcha. 
  Turningf 
  eastward 
  and 
  crossing 
  the 
  western 
  range 
  of 
  

   the 
  Cordillera 
  Oriental, 
  he 
  found 
  himself 
  in 
  Chibcha 
  territory 
  near 
  

   Velez, 
  or 
  Suesca. 
  He 
  seems 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  directed 
  by 
  encountering 
  

   Chibcha 
  trade 
  salt 
  along 
  the 
  Magdalena 
  River, 
  rather 
  than 
  by 
  definite 
  

  

  595682 
  — 
  46 
  59 
  

  

  