﻿896 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  reports 
  of 
  a 
  great 
  nation. 
  What 
  the 
  Chibcha 
  may 
  have 
  heard 
  about 
  

   him 
  or 
  any 
  Spaniards 
  is 
  even 
  more 
  shadowy. 
  He 
  entered 
  the 
  country 
  

   with 
  166 
  men 
  and 
  59 
  horses, 
  having 
  lost 
  or 
  sent 
  back 
  34 
  men 
  since 
  

   leaving 
  the 
  river, 
  and 
  more 
  than 
  600 
  since 
  leaving 
  Santa 
  Marta. 
  

  

  Quesada 
  was 
  advancing 
  via 
  Nemocon 
  and 
  Chia 
  toward 
  Muequeta 
  

   when 
  the 
  Zipa, 
  with 
  a 
  force 
  said 
  to 
  have 
  numbered 
  only 
  500 
  or 
  600 
  but 
  

   carrying 
  the 
  sacred 
  body 
  of 
  his 
  predecessor, 
  attacked 
  the 
  Spanish 
  rear 
  

   and 
  was 
  routed 
  by 
  the 
  cavalry. 
  There 
  was 
  some 
  further 
  resistance 
  

   in 
  crossing 
  the 
  Funza 
  River, 
  but 
  Muequeta 
  was 
  found 
  abandoned: 
  the 
  

   Zipa 
  and 
  his 
  retinue 
  were 
  hiding 
  at 
  Facatativa 
  to 
  the 
  west. 
  In 
  Mue- 
  

   queta, 
  the 
  Spaniards 
  were 
  harassed 
  somewhat, 
  but 
  these 
  actions 
  seem 
  

   to 
  have 
  been 
  little 
  more 
  than 
  guerilla 
  attacks 
  from 
  among 
  the 
  swamps. 
  

   A 
  reconnaissance 
  to 
  the 
  south 
  encountered 
  resistance 
  from 
  the 
  Panche, 
  

   until 
  the 
  Spaniards 
  withdrew. 
  Quesada 
  then 
  marched 
  from 
  Mue- 
  

   queta 
  to 
  Guatavita, 
  Choconta, 
  and 
  Turmeque 
  in 
  Zaque 
  domain, 
  with 
  

   a 
  side 
  party 
  visiting 
  the 
  Somondoco 
  emerald 
  mine. 
  From 
  Turmeque*, 
  

   he 
  pushed 
  east 
  to 
  the 
  frontier 
  on 
  the 
  Lengupa 
  and 
  thence 
  northwest 
  

   to 
  Hunsa, 
  where 
  the 
  Zaque 
  surrendered 
  without 
  resistance, 
  to 
  die 
  

   very 
  shortly 
  after. 
  A 
  fair 
  amount 
  of 
  gold 
  was 
  taken 
  here 
  — 
  191,000 
  

   pesos' 
  weight 
  — 
  whereas 
  Muequeta 
  had 
  yielded 
  little. 
  From 
  Hunsa, 
  

   the 
  Spaniards 
  marched 
  east 
  to 
  Sogamoso, 
  where 
  the 
  temple 
  was 
  

   burned; 
  the 
  Iraca 
  here 
  was 
  the 
  only 
  principal 
  ruler 
  who 
  survived 
  the 
  

   Conquest. 
  The 
  Tundama, 
  immediately 
  north, 
  put 
  up 
  a 
  fairly 
  stiff 
  

   resistance 
  and 
  managed 
  to 
  retire 
  to 
  the 
  island 
  and 
  swamps 
  of 
  Bonda, 
  

   or 
  Duitama. 
  The 
  main 
  northern 
  principalities 
  had 
  now 
  also 
  been 
  

   overrun 
  and 
  cowed 
  ; 
  so 
  Quesada 
  left 
  a 
  camp 
  at 
  Suesca 
  and 
  led 
  his 
  main 
  

   force 
  on 
  a 
  vain 
  gold 
  quest 
  over 
  the 
  range 
  to 
  the 
  Magdalena 
  River 
  and 
  

   up 
  this 
  to 
  Neiva; 
  from 
  which 
  he 
  returned 
  in 
  January 
  1538, 
  to 
  Mue- 
  

   queta. 
  The 
  essential 
  conquest 
  had 
  been 
  completed 
  in 
  little 
  more 
  

   than 
  a 
  year. 
  

  

  The 
  Zipa 
  was 
  still 
  in 
  hiding. 
  A 
  surprise 
  raid 
  resulted 
  in 
  his 
  mortal 
  

   wounding, 
  but 
  the 
  Spaniards 
  retreated 
  without 
  the 
  hoped-for 
  treasure. 
  

   The 
  Zipa's 
  successor 
  harried 
  the 
  Spaniards 
  until 
  they 
  transferred 
  

   their 
  base 
  from 
  Muequeta 
  to 
  Bosa, 
  where 
  their 
  cavalry 
  had 
  more 
  free- 
  

   dom 
  of 
  action. 
  Soon, 
  however, 
  fearing 
  treason 
  or 
  defection 
  among 
  

   his 
  following, 
  he 
  united 
  with 
  them 
  against 
  the 
  Panche, 
  the 
  hereditary 
  

   enemy, 
  and 
  a 
  joint 
  ChibchaSpsunsh. 
  force 
  finally 
  defeated 
  them. 
  The 
  

   "alliance," 
  however, 
  was 
  evidently 
  a 
  submission, 
  and 
  the 
  new 
  Zipa 
  

   was 
  soon 
  seized 
  and 
  tortured 
  to 
  death 
  in 
  an 
  endeavor 
  to 
  wring 
  from 
  

   him 
  confession 
  of 
  hidden 
  gold 
  which 
  he 
  probably 
  no 
  longer 
  possessed. 
  

   Quesada 
  founded 
  Spanish 
  Bogota 
  at 
  Teusaquillo 
  ; 
  and 
  Velez 
  and 
  Tunja 
  

   (Hunsa) 
  soon 
  followed. 
  Meeting 
  Belalcazar 
  and 
  Federman 
  who 
  

   came 
  from 
  the 
  south 
  and 
  east, 
  Quesada, 
  leaving 
  a 
  brother 
  in 
  charge, 
  

   departed 
  for 
  Spain 
  to 
  obtain 
  confirmation 
  of 
  his 
  conquests. 
  The 
  

  

  