﻿918 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  from 
  the 
  Pdez, 
  the 
  Pdez 
  from 
  the 
  Pijao, 
  the 
  Andaqui 
  from 
  the 
  Tama 
  

   of 
  Bajo 
  Huila. 
  

  

  This 
  extremely 
  varied 
  habitat 
  offers 
  a 
  great 
  range 
  of 
  food 
  resources 
  

   and 
  of 
  possibilities 
  for 
  agricultural 
  crops. 
  In 
  the 
  high, 
  cold 
  moun- 
  

   tains 
  and 
  altiplanos, 
  between 
  2,500 
  and 
  3,000 
  m. 
  (about 
  8,200 
  to 
  9,800 
  

   ft.) 
  elevation, 
  where 
  the 
  mean 
  temperature 
  is 
  11 
  to 
  15° 
  C, 
  the 
  prin- 
  

   cipal 
  crops 
  were 
  potatoes 
  (Solanum 
  andigenum), 
  ullucos 
  (Ullucus 
  

   tuberosus), 
  and 
  cubios 
  (Tropaeolum 
  tuberosum). 
  In 
  the 
  medium 
  zone, 
  

   between 
  1,600 
  and 
  2,500 
  m. 
  (about 
  5,200 
  to 
  8,200 
  feet), 
  with 
  a 
  temper- 
  

   ature 
  of 
  15 
  to 
  20° 
  C, 
  the 
  main 
  crop 
  was 
  maize 
  (Zea 
  mays), 
  but 
  arra- 
  

   cacha 
  (Arracacia 
  esculenta), 
  quinoa 
  (Chenopodium 
  quinoa), 
  and 
  sweet 
  

   potato 
  (Ipomoea 
  batatas), 
  were 
  also 
  cultivated. 
  In 
  the 
  low, 
  warm 
  zone 
  

   between 
  500 
  to 
  1,600 
  m. 
  (about 
  1,600 
  to 
  5,200 
  feet), 
  with 
  a 
  temperature 
  

   of 
  20 
  to 
  28° 
  C, 
  the 
  main 
  crops 
  were 
  maize, 
  sweet 
  manioc 
  or 
  yuca 
  

   (Manihot 
  utilissima) 
  and 
  beans 
  (Phaseolus 
  vulgaris) 
  . 
  

  

  The 
  cold 
  lands 
  also 
  produced 
  in 
  addition 
  to 
  these 
  principal 
  crops, 
  

   maize, 
  squash 
  (Cucurbita 
  maxima), 
  wild 
  fruits, 
  birds 
  including 
  ducks 
  

   (Anatidae), 
  doves 
  (Columbidae) 
  , 
  guans 
  (Penelope), 
  mammals 
  such 
  

   as 
  the 
  spectacled 
  bear 
  (Tremarctos 
  ornatus 
  majori), 
  and 
  other 
  small, 
  

   wild 
  beasts 
  like 
  the 
  armadillo 
  (Dasypus 
  novemcinctus) 
  , 
  guaratinajo 
  

   (Dinomys 
  branickii), 
  guatin 
  (Dasyprocta 
  fuliginosa 
  candelensis) 
  , 
  and 
  

   small 
  fish 
  from 
  the 
  rivers 
  and 
  lakes. 
  The 
  guinea 
  pig 
  (curi 
  or 
  cuy, 
  

   Cavia 
  aperea), 
  which 
  is 
  prolific 
  in 
  all 
  the 
  climates, 
  was 
  the 
  only 
  domes- 
  

   ticated 
  animal 
  and 
  is 
  an 
  important 
  source 
  of 
  food 
  of 
  the 
  modern 
  

   Indians. 
  

  

  The 
  inhabitants 
  of 
  the 
  medium, 
  humid 
  zone 
  were 
  more 
  favored 
  by 
  

   nature 
  in 
  that 
  crops 
  grew 
  faster 
  and 
  in 
  greater 
  variety. 
  In 
  addition 
  

   to 
  the 
  plants 
  named, 
  they 
  grew 
  achira 
  (Carina 
  edulis), 
  auyama 
  (Cucur- 
  

   bita 
  verrucosa), 
  beans 
  (frijoles), 
  and 
  peanuts 
  (Arachis 
  hypogaea). 
  

   Among 
  the 
  great 
  variety 
  of 
  wild 
  foods 
  were 
  fruits, 
  granadilla 
  (Passi- 
  

   flora 
  ligularis), 
  guayaba 
  (Psidium), 
  guama 
  (Inga 
  spp.), 
  avocados 
  

   (Per 
  sea 
  Americana), 
  papaya 
  (Carica 
  papaya), 
  guanabana 
  (Annona 
  

   muricata), 
  and 
  chirimoya 
  (Annona 
  cherimolia), 
  and 
  such 
  animals 
  as 
  

   deer 
  (Mazama 
  rufina, 
  M. 
  gualea, 
  and 
  Odocoileus 
  virginianus 
  consul), 
  

   rabbits 
  (Sylvilagus 
  fulvescens), 
  guinea 
  pigs, 
  various 
  rodents, 
  and 
  

   large 
  birds, 
  such 
  as 
  chachalacas 
  (Ortalis) 
  and 
  guans 
  (Penelope). 
  

  

  Additional 
  foods 
  of 
  the 
  low, 
  warm 
  regions 
  were 
  sweet 
  potatoes, 
  

   beans 
  (frijoles), 
  and 
  yams 
  (Dioscorea 
  alata); 
  such 
  fruits 
  as 
  pineapples 
  

   (Ananas 
  sa&ww) 
  ^papaya, 
  1 
  custard 
  apple 
  ' 
  (Annona 
  squamosa), 
  cactus 
  

   fruit 
  (Opuntia 
  spp.), 
  and 
  plantains 
  (Musa 
  paradisaica) 
  ; 
  and 
  large 
  fish 
  

   from 
  the 
  rivers. 
  4 
  

  

  * 
  The 
  scientific 
  names 
  of 
  the 
  plants 
  were 
  taken 
  from 
  Cortes, 
  1919. 
  The 
  mammals 
  were 
  tentatively 
  iden- 
  

   tified 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Remington 
  Kellogg, 
  of 
  the 
  Division 
  of 
  Mammals, 
  TJ. 
  S. 
  National 
  Museum, 
  and 
  the 
  birds 
  by 
  

   Dr. 
  Alexander 
  Wetmore, 
  Secretary 
  of 
  the 
  Smithsonian 
  Institution. 
  

  

  