﻿Vol.2] 
  HIGHLAND 
  TRIBES, 
  S. 
  COLOMBIA 
  — 
  HERNANDEZ 
  DE 
  ALBA 
  919 
  

  

  TRIBAL 
  DIVISIONS 
  

  

  Captain 
  Sebastian 
  de 
  Belalcazar 
  was 
  the 
  first 
  conquistador 
  who 
  

   went 
  north 
  from 
  Quito 
  and 
  entered 
  the 
  Andean 
  region 
  of 
  what 
  is 
  

   today 
  Colombia. 
  He 
  passed 
  through 
  the 
  territory 
  of 
  the 
  Pas 
  to 
  and 
  

   Popayan 
  Eivers 
  to 
  reach 
  the 
  region 
  of 
  Neiva 
  and 
  beyond 
  in 
  1535-36. 
  

  

  At 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  their 
  discovery, 
  the 
  native 
  peoples 
  north 
  of 
  Ecuador 
  

   were 
  very 
  numerous, 
  but 
  the 
  chroniclers, 
  for 
  example 
  Cieza 
  de 
  Le6n, 
  

   who 
  crossed 
  this 
  region 
  in 
  1545 
  and 
  is 
  its 
  outstanding 
  historian, 
  gave 
  

   their 
  locations 
  and 
  designations 
  in 
  a 
  very 
  confused, 
  manner. 
  The 
  

   historians 
  classified 
  the 
  aboriginal 
  peoples 
  either 
  according 
  to 
  small 
  

   villages 
  or 
  groups 
  of 
  houses, 
  slight 
  differences 
  of 
  dialects, 
  or 
  slight 
  

   cultural 
  variations, 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  true 
  classifications 
  are 
  very 
  difficult 
  

   to 
  make. 
  

  

  Modern 
  ethnological 
  studies 
  and 
  a 
  critical 
  interpretation 
  of 
  the 
  

   chroniclers 
  somewhat 
  clarify 
  the 
  cultural 
  panorama 
  of 
  these 
  regions, 
  

   however, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  now 
  possible 
  to 
  fist 
  the 
  following 
  tribal 
  divisions 
  

   which 
  existed 
  just 
  before 
  the 
  Conquest 
  6 
  (map 
  7) 
  : 
  

  

  Pasto. 
  — 
  The 
  Pasto 
  (Koaiker, 
  Cuaiquer, 
  Quayquer, 
  Coaiquer, 
  6 
  etc.) 
  

   (Jij6n 
  y 
  Caamano, 
  1936-38), 
  who 
  had 
  a 
  uniform 
  language 
  and 
  

   culture 
  throughout 
  their 
  villages, 
  were 
  distributed 
  from 
  the 
  town 
  of 
  

   Tuza 
  between 
  the 
  Mira 
  and 
  San 
  Juan 
  Kivers 
  northward 
  throughout 
  

   the 
  mountains 
  to 
  the 
  valley 
  of 
  the 
  Patia 
  Kiver 
  and 
  toward 
  the 
  north- 
  

   east 
  to 
  the 
  southern 
  boundary 
  of 
  the 
  present 
  Department 
  of 
  Cauca. 
  

   Eastward, 
  they 
  extended 
  to 
  the 
  country 
  of 
  the 
  Quillacinga, 
  which 
  

   began 
  at 
  the 
  Guaitara 
  River 
  (Cieza, 
  1880, 
  ch. 
  33). 
  In 
  the 
  west, 
  they 
  

   occupied 
  the 
  western 
  portion 
  of 
  Narifio, 
  but 
  accurate 
  information 
  is 
  

   lacking 
  on 
  some 
  tribes, 
  which 
  like 
  the 
  Abodes, 
  Masteles 
  (Juan 
  L6pez 
  

   de 
  Velasco 
  in 
  Guerra, 
  1942) 
  and 
  Patia 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  Patia 
  River, 
  lived 
  

   toward 
  the 
  Pacific 
  Coast 
  region. 
  The 
  Angasmayo 
  River 
  in 
  Pasto 
  

   territory 
  was 
  the 
  limit 
  of 
  the 
  conquest 
  of 
  the 
  Inca 
  Guaynacapa 
  (Cieza, 
  

   1880, 
  ch. 
  37). 
  Ortiz 
  locates 
  this 
  river 
  southeast 
  of 
  Narifio 
  but 
  other 
  

   authors 
  identify 
  it 
  with 
  the 
  Mayo 
  River 
  farther 
  to 
  the 
  north. 
  

  

  There 
  was 
  a 
  large 
  number 
  of 
  native 
  groups 
  or 
  villages 
  within 
  this 
  

   area. 
  Among 
  these 
  Cieza 
  mentions 
  the 
  Ascual, 
  Mallama, 
  Tucurres, 
  

   (Tulcan), 
  Zapuys, 
  lies, 
  Guaimatal, 
  Funes, 
  Chapol, 
  Males, 
  Piales, 
  

   Pupiales, 
  Turca, 
  some 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  Colombia-Ecuador 
  

   border, 
  Cumba, 
  and 
  others, 
  and 
  adds 
  that, 
  "All 
  these 
  peoples 
  and 
  chiefs 
  

   had 
  and 
  have 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  Pastos" 
  (Cieza, 
  1932, 
  ch. 
  33). 
  Guerra 
  gives 
  

   other 
  names 
  of 
  small 
  groups 
  (parcialidades). 
  

  

  Quillacinga. 
  — 
  East 
  and 
  southeast 
  of 
  the 
  Pasto 
  lived 
  the 
  Quillacinga. 
  

   Padre 
  Velasco 
  (1841-44, 
  vol. 
  3) 
  identified 
  them 
  with 
  the 
  Pasto, 
  but 
  

   cultural 
  and 
  linguistic 
  differences 
  between 
  these 
  tribes 
  leave 
  no 
  doubt 
  

   that 
  Cieza 
  de 
  Le6n 
  (1880, 
  ch. 
  33), 
  was 
  correct 
  in 
  considering 
  them 
  a 
  

  

  « 
  Castellvi, 
  1934; 
  Guerra, 
  1942; 
  Jijon 
  y 
  Caamano, 
  1940-41; 
  Ortiz, 
  1937 
  d, 
  1938 
  c; 
  and 
  Otero, 
  1938, 
  1939. 
  

  

  s 
  The 
  Coaiquer 
  are 
  sometimes 
  treated 
  as 
  a 
  subgroup 
  of 
  the 
  Pasto. 
  (See 
  this 
  volume, 
  pp. 
  927-936, 
  967-968.) 
  

  

  