﻿928 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  church, 
  the 
  products 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  destined 
  for 
  the 
  cult 
  of 
  some 
  saint, 
  

   and 
  the 
  lands 
  of 
  the 
  public 
  school. 
  Such 
  labor 
  is 
  performed 
  today 
  in 
  

   NarifLo 
  and 
  in 
  much 
  of 
  Cauca, 
  where 
  this 
  ecclesiastic 
  tribute 
  has 
  

   continued 
  from 
  Colonial 
  times. 
  

  

  The 
  small 
  plot 
  which, 
  in 
  Pasto 
  territory, 
  generally 
  surrounds 
  each 
  

   country 
  house 
  is 
  usually 
  cultivated 
  by 
  the 
  women, 
  although 
  it 
  is 
  

   prepared 
  for 
  planting 
  and 
  the 
  heavy, 
  long 
  work 
  is 
  done 
  by 
  the 
  men. 
  

  

  Wild 
  foods. 
  — 
  The 
  Indians 
  collected 
  wild 
  fruits, 
  such 
  as 
  pineapples, 
  

   granadillas, 
  and 
  others 
  which 
  were 
  common 
  in 
  the 
  moderate 
  and 
  

   cool 
  climates, 
  and 
  hunted 
  deer, 
  rabbits, 
  partridges, 
  pigeons, 
  doves, 
  

   pheasants, 
  and 
  turkeys. 
  The 
  only 
  domesticated 
  animal 
  was 
  the 
  

   guinea 
  pig, 
  which 
  they 
  ate. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  claimed 
  that 
  the 
  Pasto 
  and 
  Quillacinga 
  ate 
  body 
  lice 
  and 
  that 
  

   the 
  Inca 
  Emperor, 
  Huayna 
  Capac, 
  upon 
  extending 
  his 
  conquests 
  to 
  

   this 
  territory, 
  obliged 
  them 
  to 
  pay 
  a 
  monthly 
  tribute 
  consisting 
  of 
  a 
  

   tube 
  full 
  of 
  lice 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  put 
  a 
  stop 
  to 
  this 
  widespread 
  American 
  

   Indian 
  custom. 
  Today, 
  the 
  descendants 
  of 
  the 
  Pasto 
  continue 
  the 
  

   custom, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  uncommon 
  to 
  see 
  people 
  on 
  the 
  country 
  ranches 
  

   picking 
  lice 
  from 
  one 
  another 
  aud 
  eating 
  them. 
  

  

  Salt 
  springs 
  supplied 
  much 
  salt, 
  which 
  was 
  used 
  in 
  trade. 
  

  

  Coca 
  and 
  lime 
  were 
  probably 
  eaten 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  Conquest, 
  

   and 
  are 
  used 
  today 
  to 
  allay 
  hunger 
  and 
  fatigue. 
  (See 
  Narcotics, 
  p. 
  934.) 
  

  

  HOUSES 
  AND 
  VILLAGES 
  

  

  The 
  Pasto 
  constructed 
  nothing 
  but 
  dwellings, 
  the 
  original 
  types 
  

   being 
  called 
  bohio 
  8 
  (grass 
  huts), 
  the 
  exact 
  nature 
  of 
  which 
  is 
  not 
  

   known. 
  In 
  the 
  post-Contact 
  Period, 
  they 
  adopted 
  the 
  simple 
  house 
  

   (rancho), 
  called 
  "bahareque," 
  which 
  is 
  made 
  of 
  thin 
  poles 
  and 
  canes 
  

   tied 
  together 
  with 
  the 
  spaces 
  between 
  them 
  filled 
  with 
  mud 
  and 
  

   sometimes 
  with 
  small 
  rocks, 
  and 
  is 
  roofed 
  with 
  grass. 
  These 
  houses 
  

   consist 
  of 
  one 
  large 
  rectangular 
  room; 
  in 
  the 
  corner 
  are 
  three 
  stones 
  

   over 
  which 
  to 
  cook. 
  Furniture 
  is 
  limited 
  to 
  small 
  wooden 
  benches 
  

   and 
  platform 
  beds 
  (barbacoas), 
  constructed 
  on 
  stakes 
  driven 
  into 
  the 
  

   ground 
  supporting 
  horizontal 
  poles 
  or 
  a 
  dried 
  cowhide. 
  Next 
  to 
  the 
  

   main 
  room 
  is 
  a 
  small 
  one 
  where 
  the 
  image 
  of 
  the 
  family 
  saint 
  is 
  kept, 
  

   and 
  where 
  clothes 
  and 
  possessions 
  are 
  stored 
  in 
  chests 
  or 
  boxes. 
  

  

  The 
  habitations 
  of 
  Popayan 
  are 
  better 
  known. 
  These 
  were 
  always 
  

   built 
  of 
  plant 
  materials. 
  The 
  town 
  of 
  Popayan 
  had 
  several 
  circular 
  

   houses 
  of 
  wood 
  and 
  grass 
  or 
  cane 
  leaves, 
  which 
  stood 
  a 
  short 
  distance 
  

   from 
  one 
  another. 
  There 
  was 
  a 
  large 
  high-roofed 
  temple 
  or 
  meeting 
  

   house 
  with 
  sides 
  constructed 
  of 
  400 
  poles 
  each, 
  each 
  pole 
  a 
  vara 
  

   (32 
  in.) 
  in 
  diameter. 
  At 
  the 
  entrance 
  of 
  each 
  native 
  village, 
  there 
  

   was 
  a 
  large 
  construction, 
  50 
  paces 
  to 
  a 
  side, 
  made 
  of 
  thick 
  bamboo 
  

  

  1 
  Collier 
  considers 
  this 
  a 
  large, 
  circular, 
  turf-walled 
  structure 
  with 
  a 
  sunken 
  floor 
  (p. 
  769). 
  

  

  