﻿930 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  woolen 
  bayeta 
  skirts, 
  of 
  which 
  at 
  least 
  three 
  and 
  sometimes 
  as 
  many 
  

   as 
  eight 
  are 
  worn 
  to 
  make 
  up 
  the 
  "follado." 
  The 
  interior 
  skirt 
  of 
  

   the 
  "follado" 
  is 
  called 
  "cunchina;" 
  the 
  others, 
  "cunchi;" 
  and 
  the 
  

   fiesta 
  skirt, 
  the 
  "bolsictfn." 
  They 
  part 
  the 
  hair 
  to 
  wear 
  two 
  braids, 
  

   and 
  use 
  a 
  short 
  necklace. 
  

  

  Ornaments. 
  — 
  The 
  Pasto, 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  historians, 
  were 
  very 
  

   "simple" 
  and 
  "dirty," 
  "simple" 
  probably 
  meaning 
  that 
  they 
  used 
  

   few 
  ornaments 
  and 
  "dirty," 
  that 
  they 
  seldom 
  changed 
  their 
  cloaks. 
  

   In 
  the 
  region 
  of 
  Almaguer, 
  they 
  had 
  long 
  hair. 
  The 
  name 
  Quilla- 
  

   cinga, 
  "moon 
  in 
  the 
  nose," 
  reveals 
  the 
  custom 
  of 
  wearing 
  a 
  crescent- 
  

   shaped 
  golden 
  nose 
  ornament. 
  Farther 
  north, 
  in 
  the 
  Province 
  of 
  

   Popayan, 
  however, 
  both 
  sexes 
  wore 
  necklaces 
  and 
  other 
  ornaments 
  

   of 
  gold. 
  The 
  men 
  of 
  Popayan 
  were 
  famous 
  for 
  going 
  to 
  war 
  naked, 
  

   with 
  their 
  face, 
  arms, 
  and 
  legs 
  painted 
  red, 
  black, 
  and 
  yellow, 
  with 
  

   crowns 
  of 
  parrot 
  feathers 
  on 
  their 
  heads, 
  and 
  with 
  necklaces, 
  bracelets, 
  

   and 
  breastplates, 
  which 
  the 
  Spaniards 
  called 
  "patenas." 
  

  

  MANUFACTURES 
  

  

  Details 
  of 
  the 
  native 
  technology 
  of 
  this 
  region 
  were 
  not 
  recorded, 
  

   and 
  only 
  a 
  few 
  utensils 
  and 
  implements 
  were 
  mentioned 
  by 
  the 
  his- 
  

   torians, 
  although 
  many 
  objects, 
  such 
  as 
  pottery, 
  stone 
  utensils 
  — 
  

   grinders, 
  axes, 
  and 
  scrapers 
  — 
  and 
  some 
  textiles 
  are 
  found 
  archeolog- 
  

   ically. 
  

  

  Bark 
  cloth. 
  — 
  The 
  Pasto 
  used 
  bark 
  cloth 
  to 
  make 
  apparel 
  like 
  the 
  

   blankets 
  "hechas 
  de 
  yerbas," 
  which 
  must 
  have 
  been 
  similar 
  to 
  the 
  

   rain 
  cloaks 
  made 
  today. 
  The 
  latter 
  consist 
  of 
  bundles 
  of 
  straw 
  tied 
  

   over 
  a 
  network 
  of 
  hemp. 
  

  

  Lacquerwork. 
  — 
  The 
  Pasto 
  were 
  and 
  are 
  notable 
  for 
  the 
  preparation 
  

   and 
  use 
  of 
  "varnish 
  of 
  Pasto," 
  a 
  resin 
  extracted 
  from 
  the 
  fruit 
  of 
  

   "mopa-mopa" 
  (Elaeagia 
  utilis), 
  which 
  comes 
  from 
  the 
  region 
  of 
  

   Mocoa. 
  It 
  is 
  used 
  as 
  follows: 
  

  

  The 
  glutinous 
  kernel 
  of 
  the 
  fruit 
  is 
  chewed 
  and, 
  when 
  it 
  has 
  the 
  correct 
  con- 
  

   sistency, 
  it 
  is 
  mixed 
  separately 
  with 
  all 
  colors 
  and 
  shades 
  and 
  spread 
  in 
  large 
  

   sheets, 
  thinner 
  than 
  the 
  thinnest 
  paper 
  of 
  China. 
  They 
  make 
  similar 
  sheets 
  of 
  

   beaten 
  silver 
  and 
  gold, 
  with 
  the 
  varnish 
  on 
  both 
  sides. 
  Experts 
  puncture 
  or 
  cut 
  

   these 
  with 
  figures 
  of 
  various 
  dimensions, 
  and 
  proportions 
  and 
  place 
  them 
  in 
  

   diverse 
  boxes. 
  When 
  they 
  are 
  ready, 
  they 
  paint 
  whatever 
  they 
  want 
  over 
  wooden 
  

   articles, 
  calashes, 
  or 
  metals. 
  On 
  a 
  background 
  of 
  a 
  single 
  color, 
  they 
  paint 
  over 
  

   it 
  diverse 
  colors, 
  gold 
  and 
  silver, 
  trees, 
  fruits, 
  and 
  animals. 
  Sometimes 
  they 
  

   steam 
  the 
  perforated 
  varnish 
  to 
  make 
  it 
  adhere 
  more 
  firmly, 
  so 
  that 
  nothing 
  can 
  

   damage 
  it 
  and 
  it 
  even 
  is 
  resistent 
  to 
  hot 
  water, 
  retaining 
  a 
  beautiful 
  luster. 
  

   [Velasco, 
  1841-44, 
  1:38-39.] 
  

  

  Metallurgy. 
  — 
  Here 
  as 
  almost 
  everywhere 
  else 
  in 
  Colombia, 
  orna- 
  

   ments 
  were 
  made 
  of 
  pure 
  gold 
  or 
  of 
  what 
  the 
  Spaniards 
  called 
  "gold 
  

   of 
  low 
  order" 
  (oro 
  de 
  baja 
  ley), 
  which 
  is 
  an 
  alloy 
  of 
  gold 
  and 
  copper 
  

   mixed 
  in 
  varying 
  proportions 
  to 
  obtain 
  distinct 
  colors 
  and 
  degrees 
  of 
  

  

  