﻿934 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  kept 
  against 
  the 
  walls. 
  Sometimes, 
  however, 
  the 
  skin 
  was 
  used 
  for 
  

   drumheads. 
  Cannibalism 
  of 
  slain 
  enemies 
  was 
  also 
  common 
  among 
  

   the 
  Coconuco 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  tribes 
  of 
  the 
  Province 
  of 
  Popayan. 
  

  

  ESTHETIC 
  AND 
  RECREATIONAL 
  ACTIVITIES 
  

  

  Art. 
  — 
  Art 
  mediums 
  were 
  afforded 
  by 
  multicolor 
  paintings 
  on 
  weap- 
  

   ons 
  and 
  shields, 
  designs 
  painted 
  on 
  warriors' 
  bodies 
  before 
  battle 
  (Prov- 
  

   ince 
  of 
  Popayan), 
  gold 
  jewelry, 
  golden 
  or 
  wooden 
  idols, 
  and 
  pottery 
  

   decoration. 
  Detailed 
  information 
  on 
  the 
  art 
  styles 
  and 
  technological 
  

   processes 
  is 
  lacking. 
  A 
  special 
  art 
  technique, 
  however, 
  is 
  the 
  so-called 
  

   "Pasto 
  varnish," 
  which 
  is 
  peculiar 
  to 
  these 
  Indians. 
  They 
  still 
  use 
  it, 
  

   although 
  foreign 
  influence 
  is 
  apparent 
  in 
  their 
  work. 
  (See 
  p. 
  934.) 
  

  

  Dances. 
  — 
  All 
  the 
  tribes 
  in 
  this 
  region 
  had 
  dances 
  which 
  were 
  con- 
  

   nected 
  with 
  religious 
  rites. 
  The 
  Pasto 
  held 
  general 
  festivals 
  (taquies) 
  

   in 
  the 
  village 
  plazas, 
  where 
  for 
  3 
  days 
  they 
  danced, 
  got 
  drunk, 
  wor- 
  

   shiped 
  their 
  idols, 
  even 
  killed 
  each 
  other, 
  and 
  had 
  sexual 
  intercourse 
  

   without 
  regard 
  to 
  degree 
  of 
  consanguinity. 
  Ceremonial 
  dances 
  con- 
  

   tinued 
  during 
  Colonial 
  times, 
  under 
  cover 
  of 
  Catholic 
  rites. 
  As 
  re- 
  

   cently 
  as 
  1897, 
  the 
  Pasto 
  still 
  danced 
  during 
  religious 
  processions, 
  

   adorned 
  with 
  ribbons, 
  buttons, 
  ornaments 
  of 
  sheet 
  tin, 
  and 
  colored 
  

   scarves. 
  When 
  anyone 
  died, 
  they 
  held 
  religious 
  dances 
  which 
  lasted 
  

   several 
  days. 
  

  

  Music. 
  — 
  The 
  Indians 
  danced 
  to 
  the 
  accompaniment 
  of 
  musical 
  

   instruments 
  and 
  singing 
  (pis. 
  188, 
  189). 
  At 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  Conquest, 
  

   they 
  used 
  flutes, 
  probably 
  made 
  of 
  cane, 
  bone, 
  and 
  very 
  large 
  sea 
  

   shells, 
  called 
  "fotutos" 
  in 
  the 
  Province 
  of 
  Popay&n. 
  The 
  last 
  were 
  

   known 
  by 
  the 
  same 
  name 
  almost 
  everywhere 
  in 
  Colombia, 
  especially 
  

   among 
  the 
  Chibchan 
  groups. 
  They 
  disappeared 
  during 
  the 
  Colonial 
  

   Period, 
  but 
  flutes 
  survive 
  today 
  among 
  Indians 
  and 
  country 
  people, 
  

   who 
  play 
  them 
  together 
  with 
  wooden 
  drums 
  with 
  animal-skin 
  heads, 
  

   and 
  string 
  instruments 
  of 
  Spanish 
  origin, 
  such 
  as 
  the 
  guitar 
  and 
  the 
  

   tiple. 
  

  

  Narcotics 
  and 
  drinks. 
  — 
  Coca 
  leaves 
  were 
  chewed 
  with 
  powdered 
  

   lime, 
  called 
  "mambe," 
  to 
  relieve 
  hunger 
  and 
  produce 
  a 
  feeling 
  of 
  vigor 
  

   and 
  strength. 
  The 
  use 
  of 
  this 
  narcotic 
  increased 
  under 
  the 
  encourage- 
  

   ment 
  of 
  plantation 
  owners 
  after 
  the 
  Colonial 
  Period. 
  Incomplete 
  

   statistics 
  for 
  1940 
  show 
  that 
  in 
  the 
  Department 
  of 
  Cauca 
  alone 
  321.5 
  

   hectares 
  (321,500 
  acres) 
  of 
  coca 
  were 
  cultivated, 
  yielding 
  a 
  crop 
  of 
  

   158,454 
  kilograms 
  (about 
  1,742 
  tons) 
  of 
  leaves, 
  127,978 
  kilograms 
  

   (about 
  1,408 
  tons) 
  of 
  which 
  were 
  consumed. 
  In 
  the 
  Narino 
  region, 
  

   the 
  consumption 
  of 
  coca 
  is 
  very 
  important 
  in 
  the 
  Cumbal, 
  Mayasquer, 
  

   La 
  Cruz, 
  and 
  San 
  Martin 
  sections 
  (Garganta 
  F&brega, 
  1942). 
  

  

  Tobacco, 
  which 
  is 
  not 
  mentioned 
  by 
  the 
  historians 
  in 
  this 
  section 
  at 
  

   the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  Conquest, 
  is 
  widely 
  used 
  today, 
  although 
  persons 
  ad- 
  

   dicted 
  to 
  chewing 
  coca 
  do 
  not 
  smoke. 
  

  

  