﻿940 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  B. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  Some 
  had 
  wooden 
  doors 
  and 
  windows, 
  and 
  were 
  built 
  with 
  nails 
  and 
  

   wires, 
  though 
  most 
  were 
  still 
  made 
  with 
  vegetable 
  materials. 
  

  

  The 
  modern 
  Moguex 
  house 
  has 
  two 
  rooms. 
  The 
  main 
  one, 
  entered 
  

   through 
  a 
  small 
  door, 
  serves 
  as 
  storeroom 
  for 
  goods 
  to 
  be 
  sold, 
  recep- 
  

   tion 
  hall, 
  dancing 
  place, 
  and 
  a 
  room 
  in 
  which 
  to 
  keep 
  watch 
  over 
  the 
  

   dead. 
  The 
  other 
  is 
  a 
  pantry 
  for 
  provisions 
  and 
  drinks; 
  here 
  are 
  kept 
  

   kitchen 
  utensils. 
  In 
  the 
  center 
  is 
  the 
  fireplace 
  and 
  around 
  it 
  dried 
  

   cowhides 
  or 
  platform 
  beds 
  made 
  of 
  horizontal 
  poles 
  tied 
  to 
  stakes 
  

   driven 
  in 
  the 
  ground. 
  One's 
  neighbors 
  aid 
  him 
  to 
  build 
  his 
  house, 
  

   transporting 
  heavy 
  timbers 
  over 
  light 
  rollers 
  and 
  singing 
  rhythmi- 
  

   cally 
  as 
  they 
  heave 
  together. 
  If 
  the 
  owner 
  of 
  a 
  new 
  house 
  is 
  a 
  man 
  of 
  

   means, 
  he 
  pays 
  for 
  a 
  feast 
  of 
  benediction 
  or 
  consecration 
  carried 
  out 
  

   with 
  a 
  Catholic 
  priest, 
  a 
  godfather, 
  and 
  a 
  godmother. 
  

  

  The 
  Pdez 
  does 
  all 
  this 
  and 
  in 
  addition 
  puts 
  some 
  pieces 
  of 
  silver 
  

   money 
  under 
  his 
  house 
  to 
  assure 
  his 
  good 
  fortune. 
  In 
  the 
  main 
  house 
  

   he 
  places 
  the 
  metate 
  on 
  stakes, 
  and 
  in 
  a 
  secondary 
  house, 
  the 
  press 
  

   for 
  extracting 
  wax 
  from 
  laurel, 
  one 
  or 
  more 
  troughs 
  or 
  hollowed 
  trunks, 
  

   and 
  large 
  jars 
  for 
  chicha 
  and 
  guarapo. 
  From 
  the 
  roof 
  frame 
  hang 
  bags, 
  

   or 
  "mochilas," 
  of 
  netted 
  hemp 
  for 
  belongings. 
  There 
  is 
  also 
  a 
  bam- 
  

   boo 
  candlestick, 
  the 
  wooden 
  feast 
  drum, 
  sometimes 
  a 
  tiple 
  or 
  small 
  

   guitar, 
  and, 
  nailed 
  to 
  the 
  wall, 
  a 
  spindle. 
  Outside, 
  the 
  loom 
  stands 
  

   against 
  the 
  wall. 
  Beyond 
  it 
  is 
  the 
  sugarcane 
  mill, 
  which 
  is 
  made 
  of 
  

   a 
  section 
  of 
  tree 
  trunk 
  with 
  a 
  hole 
  above 
  a 
  projection 
  on 
  which 
  the 
  

   cane 
  is 
  pressed 
  by 
  hand 
  with 
  a 
  rod 
  which 
  crosses 
  the 
  hole. 
  Some 
  

   mills 
  consist 
  of 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  wooden 
  cylinders 
  rotated 
  by 
  animal 
  

   power. 
  

  

  In 
  each 
  maize 
  field 
  is 
  a 
  small, 
  temporary 
  house 
  and 
  a 
  high 
  platform 
  

   where 
  a 
  watchman 
  frightens 
  the 
  parrots 
  and 
  parakeets 
  with 
  periodic 
  

   cries 
  and 
  motions. 
  

  

  Each 
  Pdez 
  group 
  today 
  has 
  its 
  communally 
  built 
  pueblo, 
  with 
  

   "bahareque" 
  buildings 
  grouped 
  around 
  a 
  rectangular 
  plaza: 
  a 
  church, 
  

   with 
  its 
  arched 
  portico 
  and 
  small 
  tower 
  in 
  imitation 
  of 
  Colonial 
  archi- 
  

   tecture, 
  a 
  house 
  for 
  the 
  priest, 
  a 
  school, 
  and 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  large 
  houses 
  

   for 
  meetings 
  and 
  fiestas, 
  where 
  they 
  dance, 
  sing, 
  and 
  sleep 
  during 
  fiesta 
  

   days. 
  But 
  ordinarily, 
  the 
  people 
  remain 
  at 
  their 
  distant 
  houses 
  and 
  

   fields, 
  and 
  do 
  not 
  live 
  at 
  the 
  pueblo, 
  the 
  only 
  permanent 
  inhabitants 
  

   of 
  which 
  are 
  a 
  few 
  Whites 
  and 
  Mestizos. 
  

  

  ENGINEERING 
  WORKS 
  

  

  The 
  Spaniards 
  found 
  bridges 
  which 
  they 
  described 
  as 
  "weak 
  and 
  

   flexible 
  bridges 
  of 
  bamboo' 
  ' 
  and 
  "bridges 
  of 
  vines." 
  A 
  territory 
  so 
  

   broken 
  and 
  crossed 
  with 
  so 
  many 
  rivers 
  and 
  canyons 
  naturally 
  stimu- 
  

   lated 
  the 
  Pdez 
  in 
  the 
  construction 
  of 
  bridges 
  and 
  the 
  laying 
  out 
  of 
  

   roads. 
  Today 
  they 
  make 
  four 
  kinds 
  of 
  bridges: 
  (1) 
  A 
  simple 
  vine 
  

   or 
  cable 
  stretched 
  across 
  the 
  river; 
  (2) 
  a 
  kind 
  of 
  wooden 
  stairs 
  placed 
  

  

  