﻿950 
  SOUTH 
  AMERICAN 
  INDIANS 
  [B. 
  A. 
  E. 
  Bull. 
  143 
  

  

  the 
  fire 
  and 
  turns 
  on 
  the 
  lights, 
  and 
  everyone 
  returns 
  to 
  examine 
  a 
  

   layer 
  of 
  fine 
  ashes 
  placed 
  beforehand 
  at 
  the 
  door. 
  If 
  the 
  ashes 
  shows 
  

   the 
  footprints 
  of 
  an 
  angel, 
  they 
  believe 
  that 
  the 
  soul 
  is 
  saved, 
  

   but 
  if 
  the 
  footprints 
  are 
  those 
  of 
  a 
  bird, 
  they 
  believe 
  that 
  the 
  soul 
  is 
  

   condemned 
  to 
  hell. 
  In 
  some 
  cases 
  they 
  ascertain 
  the 
  fate 
  of 
  the 
  soul 
  

   by 
  the 
  kind 
  of 
  bird 
  prints. 
  

  

  WARFARE 
  

  

  The 
  Pdez 
  and 
  Moguex 
  were 
  particularly 
  warlike. 
  Their 
  attacks 
  

   were 
  staged 
  in 
  the 
  morning, 
  accompanied 
  by 
  yells 
  and 
  the 
  sound 
  of 
  

   trumpets, 
  horns, 
  sea 
  shells, 
  and 
  drums. 
  They 
  were 
  generally 
  armed 
  

   with 
  great 
  spears 
  or 
  pikes, 
  spear 
  throwers, 
  and 
  slings. 
  When 
  fighting, 
  

   they 
  would 
  first 
  hurl 
  javelins 
  with 
  their 
  spear 
  throwers, 
  then 
  use 
  their 
  

   slings, 
  the 
  missiles 
  for 
  which 
  they 
  carried 
  in 
  a 
  pouch, 
  and 
  finally 
  pick 
  

   up 
  their 
  spears 
  or 
  pikes 
  for 
  man-to-man 
  struggle. 
  They 
  also 
  formed 
  

   closed 
  squadrons, 
  men 
  with 
  clubs 
  alternating 
  with 
  spearmen. 
  The 
  

   former 
  would 
  step 
  forward 
  to 
  wield 
  their 
  clubs, 
  and 
  then 
  draw 
  back 
  to 
  

   their 
  positions 
  for 
  protection. 
  Their 
  best 
  defense 
  was 
  on 
  high 
  ridges, 
  

   from 
  which 
  they 
  rolled 
  large 
  stones 
  on 
  their 
  enemies. 
  They 
  perfected 
  

   these 
  natural 
  defenses 
  by 
  cutting 
  or 
  camouflaging 
  paths 
  on 
  which 
  they 
  

   prepared 
  ambushes. 
  They 
  built 
  trenches 
  or 
  pitfalls, 
  which 
  caused 
  the 
  

   attacking 
  Spaniards 
  much 
  trouble. 
  

  

  The 
  principal 
  enemies 
  of 
  these 
  peoples 
  were 
  the 
  Pijao 
  and 
  the 
  Span- 
  

   ish 
  soldiers. 
  The 
  Pdez 
  remember 
  the 
  Pijao 
  well, 
  and 
  call 
  the 
  stone 
  

   statues 
  in 
  their 
  territory 
  "portraits 
  of 
  Pijaos," 
  and 
  the 
  painted 
  tombs, 
  

   "houses 
  of 
  Pijaos.' 
  ' 
  They 
  are 
  afraid 
  to 
  see 
  the 
  statues 
  or 
  visit 
  the 
  

   tombs. 
  

  

  To 
  insult 
  an 
  enemy 
  killed 
  in 
  war, 
  they 
  cut 
  off 
  his 
  penis 
  and 
  placed 
  it 
  

   on 
  the 
  road. 
  

  

  Some 
  historians 
  ascribe 
  cannibalism 
  to 
  the 
  Pdez 
  and 
  the 
  Moguex, 
  

   which 
  seems 
  to 
  have 
  no 
  basis 
  in 
  fact. 
  They 
  kept 
  trophy 
  heads 
  and 
  

   stuffed 
  the 
  skins 
  of 
  their 
  enemies, 
  but 
  did 
  not 
  eat 
  their 
  foe. 
  There 
  are, 
  

   however, 
  numerous 
  historical 
  references 
  which 
  state 
  that 
  in 
  the 
  wars 
  

   against 
  the 
  Spaniards, 
  the 
  Pdez 
  left 
  the 
  bodies 
  of 
  dead 
  enemies 
  for 
  the 
  

   Pijao 
  to 
  eat, 
  and 
  that 
  they 
  cremated 
  their 
  own 
  dead 
  or 
  dried 
  them 
  

   over 
  a 
  slow 
  fire, 
  which 
  Friar 
  Pedro 
  Simon 
  (1882-92, 
  ch. 
  23) 
  mistook 
  

   for 
  a 
  means 
  for 
  preserving 
  the 
  flesh 
  so 
  that 
  it 
  could 
  be 
  eaten 
  later. 
  

  

  As 
  war 
  trophies, 
  they 
  kept 
  enemy 
  heads, 
  which 
  they 
  preserved 
  with 
  

   resins, 
  and 
  the 
  skins 
  of 
  their 
  entire 
  bodies, 
  which 
  they 
  filled 
  with 
  ashes 
  

   (Aguado, 
  1931, 
  vol. 
  3, 
  book 
  16, 
  cb. 
  3). 
  They 
  even 
  preserved 
  the 
  

   heads 
  of 
  the 
  Spaniards' 
  horses. 
  They 
  carried 
  these 
  trophies 
  to 
  wars, 
  

   meetings, 
  and 
  feasts. 
  

  

  